CN4 - Trochlear nerve

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

A neurological disorder that affects the function of the trochlear nerve, which controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

Question 2

Aetiology/ causes

Answer 2

Trauma
Infections
Inflammation
Tumors
Vascular disorders

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

The risk factors for trochlear nerve palsy are not well established, but it has been associated with advancing age, hypertension, and diabetes.

Question 4

Epidemiology/ Population affected

Answer 4

Trochlear nerve palsy is rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.5-1.0 per 100,000 persons per year.

It affects both sexes equally and is more commonly seen in adults, with a peak incidence in the fourth and fifth decades of life.

Question 5

Clinical presentation

Answer 5

The most common symptom of trochlear nerve palsy is vertical diplopia (double vision), which is worse when looking downwards or when the affected eye is elevated.

Other symptoms may include difficulty reading or seeing objects at a distance.

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

The prognosis for trochlear nerve palsy depends on the underlying cause and the extent of nerve damage. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own without any treatment, while in other cases, treatment may be necessary to manage the symptoms