CNOR 2 D5 Infection Prevention and Control COPY

Question 1

What should be done if hard surfaces remain in good repair after flooding?

Answer 1

Allow to dry for 72 hours

AORN Guidelines Environmental Cleaning

Question 2

What should be done if an area cannot be thoroughly cleaned/dried within 72 hours?

Answer 2

Replace surface with new material after facility engineer approval

AORN Guidelines Environmental Cleaning

Question 3

What are the components of Standard Precautions?

Answer 3

Hand hygiene, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and adherence to protocols to prevent disease transmission

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 4

What is the most effective way to prevent disease transmission?

Answer 4

Handwashing

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 5

What are the primary methods for hand hygiene?

Answer 5

• Soap & water
• Surgical alcohol-based hand rubs

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 6

What is the preferred method for cleaning hands in most clinical situations according to the CDC?

Answer 6

Using soap and water for the length of time it takes to sing ‘Happy Birthday’

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 7

What do Contact Precautions involve?

Answer 7

Contact precautions are necessary for infections spread through touch.
* Spread through direct/indirect contact
* Use of gloves and gowns
* Thorough cleaning of equipment

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 8

What is a major risk associated with Multiple Drug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs)?

Answer 8

MDROs can limit treatment options and create superbugs.

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 9

What are the wound classifications?

Answer 9

• Clean
• Clean-Contaminated
• Contaminated
• Dirty

cdc.gov

Question 10

What is wound Class I?

Answer 10

No signs/symptoms of infection, no entry into infected tracts

Examples include uncomplicated surgeries like appendectomy.

cdc.gov

Question 11

What does Healing by Secondary Intention mean?

Answer 11

Skin left completely open following surgery, may be packed with gauze

This method allows for natural healing processes.

Berry & Kohn’s Operating Room Technique

Question 12

What is the significance of wound classification?

Answer 12

Implications for data reporting, infection prevention, and reimbursement

Proper classification aids in effective patient management.

cdc.gov

Question 13

What is required for Airborne Precautions?

Answer 13

• NIOSH N95 fit-tested respirator
• Negative pressure room

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 14

What are examples of infections requiring Droplet Precautions?

Answer 14

• Mumps
• Pertussis
• Influenza
• Meningitis

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 15

What should be done during patient transport to prevent infection spread?

Answer 15

• Limit transport to essential treatments
• Use appropriate barriers
• Clean/disinfect after patient contact

AORN Guideline Transmission Based Precautions

Question 16

What are the appropriate methods for cleaning, disinfecting, packaging, sterilizing, transporting, and/or storage of instruments and reusable goods?

Answer 16

Select appropriate methods for cleaning, disinfecting, packaging, sterilizing, transporting, and/or storage of instruments and reusable goods.

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 17

What is the Spaulding Classification used for?

Answer 17

Provides mechanism for infection preventionists, perioperative staff, and SPD to decide which method is most effective for processing instruments and items for patient use

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 18

What type of instruments fall under the Critical category in Spaulding Classification?

Answer 18

• Surgical instruments
• Endoscopes used in sterile cavities
• Any instrument that breaks mucosal barrier
• Catheters
• Implants

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 19

What is required for Semi-Critical instruments according to Spaulding Classification?

Answer 19

Sterilization (preferred) or high-level disinfection (HLD) if sterilization is not possible

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 20

What is the minimum requirement for Non-Critical instruments in terms of disinfection?

Answer 20

Requires at a minimum low-level disinfection (LLD)

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 21

What does Cleaning at Point of Use involve?

Answer 21

Clean as needed during procedure, follow IFUs, flush lumens with sterile water, cover with moist towel if cleaning will be delayed

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 22

What two items MUST be contained in a decontamination area?

Answer 22

• An eyewash station
• A dedicated hand hygiene sink

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 23

What is the purpose of mechanical cleaning?

Answer 23

• Remove bioburden
• Prepare for disinfection or sterilization

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 24

What is the critical water requirement?

Answer 24

Treated to remove microorganisms and material to meet quality parameters

AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 25

What is the role of ultrasonic cleaners?

Answer 25

Good for hard-to-reach areas and delicate instruments that can be immersed ## Footnote AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 26

What should be inspected after decontamination?

Answer 26

* Cleanliness * Working order * Intact insulation ## Footnote AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 27

What is Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS)?

Answer 27

Entry of a noninfectious material in the anterior segment, limited to anterior segment, occurs 12-48 hours post surgery, gram stain negative, culture negative ## Footnote AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 28

What intraoperative practices contribute to TASS?

Answer 28

* Inadequately flushing phacoemulsification & irrigation/aspiration handpieces * Using incorrect detergent concentration * Contaminated ultrasonic fluids * Adding antibiotics to balanced salt solutions * Use of epinephrine with preservatives * Using powdered gloves * Incorrect use of skin antiseptics * Reusing single-use products * Failing to maintain instruments correctly ## Footnote AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 29

What special precautions are needed for prions?

Answer 29

Single-use instruments preferred, reusable instruments should tolerate extended steam sterilization cycles for high-risk patients | Instruments that cannot withstand high-temperature steam sterilization s ## Footnote AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 30

What are the levels of disinfection?

Answer 30

* Low - Effective against vegetative forms of bacteria, lipid viruses, some fungi * Intermediate - Effective against most viruses, mycobacterium tuberculosis, most fungi, vegetative bacteria * High - Effective against Hep B, C, HIV, large numbers of bacterial spores, prions ## Footnote AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 31

What types of high-level disinfectants (HLD) are there?

Answer 31

* Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) * Glutaraldehyde * Hydrogen peroxide (mechanical) * Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) (manual) * Glutaraldehyde (manual) ## Footnote AORN Guideline Sterilization

Question 32

What are the challenges of cleaning flexible endoscopes?

Answer 32

Heavy microbial load, difficulty in cleaning/disinfecting, increased risk for disease transmission ## Footnote Effective cleaning is important to reduce bioburden to levels that do not inhibit HLD.

Question 33

What is the first step in the cleaning process of flexible endoscopes?

Answer 33

Pre-cleaning, including suctioning/flushing of channels at the point of use ## Footnote AORN Guideline Flexible Endoscopes