CNS And PNS

Question 0

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 0

The 31 pairs spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Question 1

What makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Spinal cord and brain

Question 2

Sensory division

Answer 2

-Afferent and dorsal
-see and touch
-two components:
Somatic: outside the body
Visceral: inside the body

Question 3

Motor division

Answer 3

-fight and flight
-efferent and ventral
-two components:
Somatic
Autonomic

Question 4

Glial cells (neuroglia)

Answer 4

• Help nourish the neurons and support cells

- nervous cell type

Question 5

Schwann cells

Answer 5

• PNS
• nervous cell type
• produce myelin protein for myelinated axons
• equivalent to oligodendrocyte in the CNS

Question 6

Neuron

Answer 6

Structural and function unit of nervous system with three components

• cell body
• dendrites (impulses to)
• axon (impulses away)

Question 7

Myelin

Answer 7

• Composed of lipid and proteins

- increases velocity

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

Point where one neuron communicates with one or more neurons
Also with a neurotransmitter

Question 9

Common neurotransmitter

Answer 9

Acteylcholine
Dopamine
Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)

Question 10

Central nervous system structure

Answer 10

Nucleus and tract

Question 11

Tract of the central nervous system

Answer 11

White matter (highway)
Collection of nerve fibers

Question 12

Nucleus of the central nervous system

Answer 12

Gray matter (cell bodies)
Collection of neuron cell bodies

Question 13

Spinal cord

Answer 13

Extension on the brain stem
Runs from the medulla to about L1-2
Primary function is to transmit signals

Question 14

Ventral root

Answer 14

Anterior

Motor

Question 15

Dorsal root

Answer 15

Posterior

Sensory

Question 16

Cross section variation: cervical

Answer 16

Large amount of white matter

Because all sensory and motor action that is going to and from brain and body

Question 17

Cross section variation: thoracic

Answer 17

Lateral horn

Question 18

Cross section variation: lumbar

Answer 18

Largest gray matter

Because a lot of cell bodies for motor function of the lower body

Question 19

Cross section variation: sacral

Answer 19

A lot less white matter because impulses have been sent out of the spinal cord already

Question 20

Meninges: dura mater

Answer 20

Sac
Continuous over the skull
Ends at about S1-2

Question 21

Meninges: arachnoid

Answer 21

Encloses the cerebral spinal fluid in subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and Pia mater
Cushion the cord

Question 22

Meninges Pia mater

Answer 22

Inner most continues as the film terminale which forms a strong anchor to the posterior coccyx

Question 23

Denticulate ligament

Answer 23

Sheets of the Pia mater that anchors the dural sac

Separates anterior and posterior nerve roots

Question 24

Spinal nerves cervical

Answer 24

8 pairs, come above

Question 25

Spinal nerve thoracic

Answer 25

12 pairs, below

Question 26

Spinal nerve lumbar

Answer 26

5 pair, below

Question 27

Spinal nerve sacral

Answer 27

5 pair

Question 28

Spinal nerve coccyx

Answer 28

1pair

Question 29

Peripheral nervous system nerve structure

Answer 29

Made up of 3 connective tissue: epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium (Remember EP PE)

Question 30

Peripheral nervous system nerve structure: Epineurium

Answer 30

Encloses bundle of fascicles | Outer most layer

Question 31

Peripheral nervous system nerve structure: perineum

Answer 31

Dense tissue around the fascicles | Middle layer

Question 32

Peripheral nervous system nerve structure endoneurium

Answer 32

Delicate sheath around the cells | Inner most

Question 33

Cervical and lumbosacral enlargements

Answer 33

Because of the branchial and lumbar plexus

Question 34

Conus medullaris

Answer 34

"V" part of the spinal cord

Question 35

Cauda equina

Answer 35

Horse hair coming from the conus medullaris

Question 36

Lumbar cistern

Answer 36

Enlargement of the subarachnoid space to accommodate cauda equina In the lumbar vertebrae

Question 37

Dermatones

Answer 37

What the skin feels

Question 38

Myotomes

Answer 38

Muscles