CNS: brain Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
the brain receive what
A
Receives information about the body’s inner workings and about the outside world via the s.c. and the PNS
2
Q
what is identical in everyone brain
A
gyrin
3
Q
what is found btw gyro
A
fissure (sulci)
4
Q
what is the function of gyri and sulci
A
increase surface area of the brain
5
Q
what does increase the surface area of the brain
A
gyri and sulci
6
Q
where is located the pre central gyrus
A
immediately ant. to the central sulcus
7
Q
pathway of pre central gyrus
A
tract that leave here descend pyramidal tract or corticospinal tracts -> leaving cortex to go to spinal cord
8
Q
motor cortex is in which gyrus
A
pre central
9
Q
where is located the post central gyrus
A
immediately post to the central sulcus
10
Q
what are the 2 tracts in the post central gyrus
A
Spinothalamic tracts and spinocerebellar tracts
11
Q
sensory cortex is in which gyrus
A
post central
12
Q
what are the major fissures in the brain
A
longitudinal cerebral fissure • transverse fissure
• lateral sulci/fissure
• central sulcus
13
Q
which fissure Separates (partially) two cerebral hemispheres
A
longitudinal
14
Q
which fissure Occupied by the falx cerebri which is a double-folded dura mater membrane
A
longitudinal
15
Q
what is the falx cerebri
A
double-folded dura mater membrane
16
Q
location of transverse fissure
A
Lies between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum
17
Q
name of the dural extension that separates the 2 cerebellar hemisphere
A
falx cerebelli
18
Q
what is the falx cerebelli
A
he dural extension that separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres is called the falx cerebelli
19
Q
what lies in the transverse fissure
A
dural membrane
tentorium cerebelli
20
Q
the dural membrane and tentorium cerebelli lies where
A
in transverse fissure
21
Q
what are the 3 cavities in the embryo
A
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
22
Q
what developed from the prosencephalon in 5 week embryo
A
telencephalon
diencephalon
23
Q
what develop from telencephalon in five week embryo
A
cerebrum
24
Q
what develop from diencephalon
A
thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus
25
what are the 5 secondary brain vesicles
telencephalon diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon myenlencephalon
26
what develop from mesencephalon
midbrain
27
what develop from mesencephalon
pons
| cerebellum
28
what develop from mylencephalon
medulla oblongata
29
the cerebrum divided in
Divided in the sagittal plane into two halves: the right and left
cerebral hemispheres
30
the hemisphere of the cerebrum control the activities of the same side of the body
false
31
describe the hemisphere of cerebrum
• Hemispheres are mirror images of one another in many ways but there are functional distinctions between them
32
in which hemisphere the development of language is usually develop
left
33
what is located in the right hemisphere
• Areas that govern three-dimensional visualization and artistic creations are located in the right hemisphere
34
where does the insula is
lies deep to the cortex and medial to the temporal lobe
35
the conscious mind happened where
cerebral cortex
36
what are the 3 directions of the internal white matter
commissural tract
association tract
projection tract
37
what is commissural tract
connect 2 hemisphere of the brain -> corpus callosum, anterior commissure
38
what is association tract
connect 2 zone within the same region -> corona radiate, septum pellucid
39
what is a projection tract
project to one region of brain to another region, connect 2 region of the brain
40
what is a basal ganglia
several masses of gray matter
41
what are the 3 structures of basal ganglia
* caudate nucleus
* amygdala
* lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus, putamen)
42
location of thalamus in relation of BG
more medial + posterior
43
function of BG
• Relay station for motor impulses
• Control large unconscious (autonomic) movements of skeletal
muscles
• Control initiation, termination and intensity
44
what can happen if BG isn't working properly
* Brings about involuntary contractions of the skeletal muscles
* Muscle spasticity
* Parkinson's disease. there is a disruption of the muscle movement integrity
45
the diencephalon is associated with which endocrine glands
pineal and pituitary gland
46
what are the 2 prominent structures of diencephalons
thalamus and hypothalamus
47
what connect the 2 thalamus toghether
intermediate mass
48
what does surround the 3 ventricle
thalamus
49
relation of thalamus with optic chiasma
lies superior to optic chiasma
50
principle function of thalamus
Principle relay station for sensory (afferent)
| impulses traveling to cerebral cortex
51
which of structure of the brain is the gateway to cortex
thalamus
52
other function of thalamus
Also relay for involuntary motor (efferent) impulses travelling outward – maintenance of consciousness
53
when does the thalamus is involved
Involved with early conscious recognition of sensations related to survival (ie: P, T, touch and pressure)
54
what forms part of the roof of the 3rd ventricle
pineal gland
55
function of pineal gland
Secretes at least one hormone, melatonin, but its function remains in doubt
May inhibit secretion of FSH and LH from ant. pituitary gland and regulate body rhythms
56
relation of pineal gland and posterior commissure
anterior to post commissure
57
what is partially housed in sella turcica
hypothalamus
58
function of hypothalamus
controls many involuntary body activities, most of which have a direct effect of homeostasis – major regulator
1. Control of the ANS
2. Production of hormones (oxytocin, ADH)
3. Reg. of emotional & behavioral patterns
4. Reg. of eating and drinking
5. Control of blood/body temperature
6. Reg. of awakening and sleep patterns (sets daily schedule)
59
what are the projection of hypothalamus
mamillaire bodies, pituitary gland
60
location of mamillary bodies
Lie at the base of the brain & hypothalamus-2 round masses
61
mammillary body is associated with what
smell
62
what does extend from maxillary body
pituitary gland
63
what connect mammillary body and pituitary stalk
tuber cinerium
64
where is located the midbrain
btew diencephalon and pons
65
role of cerebral peduncle
connect cerebrum with region below
66
function of sup colliculi
sight
67
function of inf colliculi
hearing
68
function of substantial nigra
release dopamine to basal nuclei
69
what are the 2 part o rhombencephalon
metencephalon and myelencephalon
70
what is the pons consist of
Consists of white matter and scattered masses of
| nuclei (gray matter)
71
what controls the breathing rhythm
pons
72
role of pons
Connection btw s.c. and brain as well as parts of the brain with each other
73
which nerve is associated with the pons
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
74
what happens if the rostral portion of inferior vermis is compressed
difficulty maintaining balance
75
what is considered as the automatic pilot for motor response
cerebellum
76
what region is responsible for the posture and balance
cerebellum
77
function of cerebellum
Main region for posture & balance
• Fine tuning of movements through constant feedback, resolves differences between intended movement and actual movement
78
role of cerebellar peduncles
Carry sensory information from sensory organs in muscles, joints, and the inner ear
Enable brain to determine status of voluntary motor activities, equilibrium and balance
• Coordinate and provide precision to skeletal muscle contraction initiated by cerebrum
79
which structure enable brain to determine status of voluntary motor activities, equilibrium and balance
cerebellar peduncle
80
which structureCoordinate and provide precision to skeletal muscle contraction initiated by cerebrum
cerebellar peduncle
81
sup, inf, middle cerebellar peduncle connect what
sup: cerebellum to midbrain
mid: pons
inf: medulla oblongata + cerebellum
82
location of medulla oblongata
inf to pons extend down until spinal cord
83
outside of medulla oblongata is white/grey matter and inside is white/grey matter
outside white
| inside gray
84
white matter of medulla oblongata consist of ascending/descending nerves fibers btw brain and sc
white matter consists of all ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve fibers extending btw brain and s.c.
85
role of gray matter in medulla
reflex centers play a role in visceral reflexes,
| consciousness and arousal
86
nerve associated with medulla oblongata
CN VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
87
role of cardiac center
heart rate regulation (rate, force)
88
vasomotor center role
regulates blood pressure by varying the
| diameter of blood vessels
89
respiratory center role
| medullary rhtimicity area
controls dept and rhythm of breathing
90
what does protect the brain
skull, css, meninges
91
which layer of meninges look like a spider web
arachnoid
92
which layer of meninges look like sanrawrap and is the gentle mother
pia matter
93
which layer of meninges is the tough mother
dura matter
94
is the meninges of brain are continuous with those of spinal cord
yes
95
what order of layer do we meet when we open the cranium
periosteal layer, meningeal layer (dura mater), arachnoid and pia mater
96
location of lateral ventricle
in each hemisphere
97
location of 3rd ventricle
center of diencephalon
98
location of 4th ventricle
btw cerebellum and medulla oblongata
99
other name of inter ventricular foramen
foramen of Monroe
100
other name of cerebral aqueduct
aqueduct of midbrain
101
what the pathway of csf
lateral ventricle-> inter ventricular formen -> 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle
102
fomrmation of csf
formed by filtration of blood plasma through dense
| networks of capillaries called choroid plexus (CP)
103
what form the blood brain barrier
Capillary walls of the CP and supporting neuroglia
