CNS: spinal cord, spinal nerve

Question 1

where does spinal cord begin

Answer 1

Begins at medulla oblongata (brain stem) down to the level of L2

Question 2

what’s the name of the spinal cord end-point

Answer 2

conus medullaris

Question 3

2 enlargements within spinal cord

Answer 3

cervical and lumbar enlargement

Question 4

cervical enlargement come from

Answer 4

• From which the brachial plexus is formed •

Question 5

innervation of cervical enlargement

Answer 5

upper extremity C5-T1

Question 6

innervation of lumbar enlargement

Answer 6

lower extremity L1-

S4

Question 7

lumbar enlargement come from

Answer 7

from which the lumbar plexus is formed

Question 8

name of the depression in spinal cord

Answer 8

Anterior (ventral) median fissure

Posterior (dorsal) median sulcus

Question 9

the H-form in center of SC is white or gray mater

Answer 9

gray

Question 10

name of the center of grey matter

Answer 10

central canal

Question 11

pathway of central canal

Answer 11

continuous the length of the spinal cord
• continuous with the 4th ventricle of the brain
• filled with CSF

Question 12

which glia cells surround the area around the H-form

Answer 12

oligodendrocyte

Question 13

name of each bundle of myelinated nerve fibers

Answer 13

tract

Question 14

ascending tract is sensory or motor

Answer 14

sensory

Question 15

descending tract is sensory or motor

Answer 15

motor

Question 16

relay impulse of ascending tract

Answer 16

Relay impulses from the periphery or spinal levels to the brain

Question 17

relay impulse of descending tract

Answer 17

Relay impulses from the brain to different spinal levels and the periphery

Question 18

what type of horn is only found in T-spine and upper L-spine

Answer 18

lateral horn

Question 19

name of groups of nerve fibers which enter the Dorsal Horn are called

Answer 19

dorsal roots

Question 20

name of The groups of nerve fibers which enter the Ventral Horn are called

Answer 20

ventral roots

Question 21

where does the cell bodies of dorsal roots lies and names

Answer 21

Their cell bodies lie outside the s.c. in the intervertebral foramen and are called,
• Dorsal root ganglia or, • Spinal ganglia

Question 22

location of cell bodies of ventral roots

Answer 22

Cell bodies are contained within the anterior and lateral horns

Question 23

ventral roots contains what

Answer 23

axons of motor neurons

Question 24

dorsal roots contains what

Answer 24

sensory neurons

Question 25

the spinal nerve is form by what

Answer 25

Dorsal and ventral roots come together

Question 26

the spinale nerve divides into

Answer 26

dorsal and ventral rami

Question 27

innervation of dorsal rami

Answer 27

eep vertebral muscles and skin of | the back

Question 28

innervation of ventral rami

Answer 28

ventral and lateral musculature

Question 29

spinal nerve are sensory of motor

Answer 29

both

Question 30

how many pair of spinal nerve is there

Answer 30

31

Question 31

function of meninges

Answer 31

- protect brain and spinal cord - form supporting framework for artery brain and venous sinus - enclose subarachnoid space for circulation of CSF

Question 32

what cover the pituitary gland

Answer 32

Diaphragm Sellae

Question 33

what layer of meninges contain the CSF

Answer 33

subarachnoid space

Question 34

where is located the denticulate ligament

Answer 34

pia mater

Question 35

when does the spinal nerves stop being cover by meninges

Answer 35

until they exit through intervertebral foramina

Question 36

which nerve act primarily as pain receptors of the body but Also act as tickle, itch and thermal, and touch receptors

Answer 36

free nerve ending

Question 37

where does the free nerve ending bracnch

Answer 37

between epithelial cells, connective cells, muscle | cells, etc.

Question 38

which nerve are surrounded by CT capsule

Answer 38

encapsulated sensory ending

Question 39

how many Encapsulated Sensory Endings in total

Answer 39

6

Question 40

which nerve are Encapsulated Sensory Endings

Answer 40

``` Meissner Corpuscles • Pacinian Corpuscles • End bulbs of Krause • Ruffini Corpuscles • Muscle Spindles • Golgi Tendon Organs ```

Question 41

location, function and adaptation of messiner corpuscle

Answer 41

Surrounds spinal ending of a dendrite • Sensitive to light touch, pressure, and slow vibrations • Rapidly-adapting Found in the: • Skin (dermis) - especially the finger tips • Mucous membrane of the tongue • Other sensitive regions of the body (ex: eyelids)

Question 42

location, function and adaptation of pacinian corpuscle

Answer 42

• Located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, submucosa, joints, periosteum, and some viscera • Adapt rapidly • Stimulated by heavy pressure, fast vibrations, tickling

Question 43

location, function and adaptation of end-bulbs of Krause

Answer 43

• Located in the mucous of the lips, tongue, conjunctiva, external genitalia • Common throughout the body (dermis of skin) • Serve as cold receptors

Question 44

location, function and adaptation of Ruffini corpuscle

Answer 44

* Located in sub-cutaneous tissue, ligaments, tendons * Slow-adapting * Respond to stretching of the skin * Contribute to the kinesthetic sense of, and control of, joint position and movement

Question 45

location, function and adaptation of muscle spindle

Answer 45

found in skeletal muscle, react to change in muscle length

Question 46

what is contain in the capsule of muscle spindle

Answer 46

Within this capsule are skeletal muscle fibers called intrafusal fibers • They are supplied by sensory neurons

Question 47

what happens with muscle spindle when a muscle is stretch

Answer 47

• When the muscle is stretched so are the intrafusal fibers which send afferent nerve impulses back to the spinal nerve • In response, there is stimulation of the efferent (motor) neurons to the same muscle that contracts it • Therefore stretch is reflexively resisted

Question 48

function and adaptation of GTO

Answer 48

react to muscle tension Composed of dendrites that have many branches on the muscle tendon junction The stimulus will go back to the s.c. where the motor neurons to the same muscles are inhibited, thus relaxing the muscle • Principle of PNF stretching and hold/relax stretch

Question 49

which spinal nerve is not a cutaneous innervation

Answer 49

C1

Question 50

explain the somatic reflex

Answer 50

see powerpoint