CNS drugs

Question 1

benzodiazepines examples

Answer 1

• Short-acting: Midazolam
• Intermediate-acting: Lorazepam, Alprazolam
• Longer-acting: Diazepam, Clonazepam

Question 2

benzodiazepines uses

Answer 2

Commonly used as anxiolytics (sleeping pills)

Question 3

benzodiazepines moa

Answer 3

potentiates GABA actions by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening

GABA is an inter-neuron which inhibits the excitation of other neurons

Question 4

benzodiazepines roa

Answer 4

1. Oral
2. IV
   Midazolam, Lorazepam, Diazepam

Question 5

benzodiazepines ae

Answer 5

• CNS:
  
  • Increased drowsiness, decreased motor skills, increased reaction time
  • Anterograde amnesia
• Paradoxical effects:
  
  • Excitement, hallucination, outburst of rage
• Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal

Question 6

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) examples

Answer 6

Fluoxetine
Escitalopram
Sertraline
Paroxetine

Question 7

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) uses

Answer 7

Gold standard for depression, but usually not used due to to its adverse effects

Question 8

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) moa

Answer 8

Blocks re-uptake of Serotonin at the Serotonin Transporter (SERT)

Question 9

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) ae

Answer 9

• Anxiety
• Weight loss/gain
• Headache, nausea
• Hyponatremia
• Risk of Serotonin syndrome: confusion, agitation, restlessness

Question 10

Tricyclic Antidepressants examples

Answer 10

Amitriptyline
Imipramine

Question 11

Tricyclic Antidepressants uses

Answer 11

Depression

Question 12

Tricyclic Antidepressants moa

Answer 12

Inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine uptake

Question 13

Tricyclic Antidepressants ae

Answer 13

• CNS:
  
  • Sedation, fatigue
• Anticholinergic:
  
  • Glaucoma, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation
• Fatality in overdose

Question 14

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) examples

Answer 14

Venlafaxine

Question 15

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) uses

Answer 15

Depression

Question 16

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) moa

Answer 16

Inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine uptake

Question 17

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) ae

Answer 17

• CNS:
  
  • Agitation, irritable or drowsy
• Hyponatremia

Question 18

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics examples

Answer 18

Haloperidol

Question 19

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics uses

Answer 19

High potency anti-psychotics

Question 20

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics moa

Answer 20

Typicals block D2 more than 5-HT2 receptors

Question 21

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics ae

Answer 21

Extrapyramidal side-effects — Blocks dopamine

Question 22

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics examples

Answer 22

Olanzapine, Clozapine

Question 23

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics uses

Answer 23

Anti-psychotics with less extrapyramidal side effects than 1st gen

Question 24

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics moa

Answer 24

Blocks 5-HT2 more than D2 receptors

Question 25

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics ae

Answer 25

- Clozapine - Agranulocytosis in 2% of patients, weight gain, sedation - Olanzapine - Weight gain and sedation

Question 26

what class of drug is Paroxetine

Answer 26

SSRI

Question 27

what class of drug is Lorazepam

Answer 27

Intermediate-acting Benzodiazepines

Question 28

what class of drug is Venlafaxine

Answer 28

SNRI

Question 29

what class of drug is Alprazolam

Answer 29

Intermediate-acting Benzodiazepines

Question 30

what class of drug is Amitriptyline

Answer 30

TCA

Question 31

what class of drug is Clozapine

Answer 31

Atypical (2nd Gen) antipsychotics

Question 32

what class of drug is Sertraline

Answer 32

SSRI

Question 33

what class of drug is Diazepam

Answer 33

Longer-acting Benzodiazepines

Question 34

what class of drug is Imipramine

Answer 34

TCA

Question 35

what class of drug is Haloperidol

Answer 35

Typical (1st Gen) antipsychotics

Question 36

what class of drug is Midazolam

Answer 36

Short-acting Benzodiazepines

Question 37

what class of drug is Escitalopram

Answer 37

SSRI

Question 38

what class of drug is Clonazepam

Answer 38

Longer-acting Benzodiazepines

Question 39

what class of drug is Olanzapine

Answer 39

Atypical (2nd Gen) antipsychotics

Question 40

what class of drug is Fluoxetine

Answer 40

SSRI