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CVS drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

ACE inhibitors examples

A

Lisinopril
Enalapril
Captopril

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2
Q

ACE inhibitors uses

A

hypertension

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3
Q

ACE inhibitors MOA

A
  1. Block conversion of Ang1 to Ang2
  2. Keep Bradykinin activated
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4
Q

ACE inhibitors ROA

A

Oral

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5
Q

ACE inhibitors AE

A
  1. Severe Hypotension
  2. Acute Renal failure
  3. Hyperkalemia
  4. Angioedema and Dry Cough

Contraindicated:
Pregnancy

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6
Q

AT1 blockers examples

A

Valsartan
Losartan
Candesartan

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7
Q

AT1 blockers uses

A

hypertension

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8
Q

AT1 blockers MOA

A

Competitively block Ang2 binding to AT1 receptors

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9
Q

AT1 blockers ROA

A

Oral

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10
Q

AT1 blockers AE

A

Less/no dry cough

Contraindication:
pregnancy

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11
Q

Beta blockers examples

A

Non-selective:
Carvedilol
Propranolol

Cardioselective (Beta-1):
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol

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12
Q

Beta blockers uses

A

hypertension, coronary disease, heart failure, arrythmias

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13
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

Block beta 1 receptors on cardiomyocytes, blocking activation of Adenylyl Cyclase.

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14
Q

beta blockers ROA

A

Oral

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15
Q

beta blockers AE

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Bronchoconstriction
  4. CNS e.g. depression”
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16
Q

thiazide diuretics examples

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Indapamide

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17
Q

Thiazide diuretics uses

A

hypertension, heart failure

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18
Q

thiazide diuretics moa

A

Inhibit NaCl reabsorption by blocking Na/Cl transporter

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19
Q

thiazide diuretics roa

A

Oral

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20
Q

thiazide diuretics ae

A
  1. Hypokalaemic Metabolic Alkalosis
  2. Hyponatremia
  3. Hyperuricaemia
  4. Hyperglycaemia
  5. Hyperlipidaemia
  6. Hypercalcaemia”
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21
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors examples

A

Atorvastatin
Pravastatin
Simvastatin

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22
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors uses

A

lipid lowering in all hypercholesterolaemias

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23
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors moa

A
  1. Competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, the rate-limiting step in CRL synthesis
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24
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors roa

A

Oral - given in evening

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25
hmg-coa reductase inhibitors ae
1. Liver - liver function abnormalities 2. Muscle - Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
26
fibrates/fibric acid examples
Gemfibrozil Fenofibrate
27
fibrates/fibric acid uses
hypertriglyceridemias
28
fibrates/fibric acid ae
1. GI effects - nausea 2. Skin rashes 3. Gallstones
29
niacin uses
Type 2b and 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia
30
niacin moa
1. Inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue, lowers VLDL and LDL levels 2. increase in HDL levels
31
niacin roa
oral
32
niacin ae
1. Intense cutaneous flush and pruritus 2. Hyperuricemia, gout
33
Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor examples
Ezetimibe Vytorin: Ezetimibe+Simvastatin
34
Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor uses
lower LDL More potent as Vytorin
35
Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor moa
Selectively inhibitor cholesterol transport protein, NPC1L1
36
Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor roa
oral
37
Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor ae
Low incidence of reversible impaired liver function
38
nitrates examples
Glyceryl Trinitrate Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN)
39
nitrates uses
Glyceryl Trinitrates: 1. angina pectoris resolution 2. lipid lowering Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN): angina pectoris prophylaxis
40
nitrates moa
GTN: Arteriolar dilation lowers peripheral resistence and blood pressure, lowering cardiac muscle oxygen consumption" ISMN: Dilate coronary arteries by lowering end diastolic pressure and volume -> lower intramural pressure -> improve subendocardial blood flow
41
nitrates roa
GTN: 1. Sublingual 2. Transdermal ISMN: Oral
42
nitrates ae
GTN: 1. Reflex tachycardia 2. Hypotension 3. Headache
43
calcium channel blockers examples
DHP calcium channel blockers: Nifedipine Amlodipine non-DHP calcium channel blockers: Verapamil Diltiazem
44
calcium channel blockers uses
DHP calcium channel blockers: Angina Hypertension non-DHP calcium channel blockers: Arrhythmias
45
calcium channel blockers moa
DHP calcium channel blockers: 1. Lower Myocardial contractility lowers CO and helps Angina 2. Lower Myocardial contractility lowers BP and helps hypertension non-DHP calcium channel blockers: Lower SA and AV node -> lowers supraventricular re-entry tachycardia
46
calcium channel blockers roa
Oral
47
calcium channel blockers ae
Cardiac Depression: 1. Bradycardia 2. Heart Failure
48
aspirin uses
anti-clotting
49
aspirin moa
Irreversibly Blocks COX, stopping conversion of Arachidonic Acid to PGG2
50
aspirin roa
oral
51
aspirin ae
1. Bleeding (PGI2) 2. Gastric upset, ulcers (PGE2) 3. GI bleeding
52
heparin uses
anti-clotting when anti-coagulant is needed in surgery
53
heparin moa
Bind to ATIII and cause conformational change, which exposes its active site for more rapid interaction with proteases.
54
heparin roa
1.IV 2. Subcutaneous 3. IM - can cause haematomas
55
heparin ae
1. Haemorrhage: stop heparin therapy and administer protamin sulfate 2. Thombosis and Thombocytopenia *heparin crosses placenta less readily than warfarin
56
warfarin uses
anti-clotting when anti-coagulant is needed in surgery
57
warfarin moa
Blocks Vit K reductase, blocking Vit K recycling
58
warfarin roa
oral
59
warfarin ae
1. Bleeding 2. Banned for pregnancy
60
thrombolytic agents examples
Streptokinase Urokinase
61
thrombolytic agents uses
EMERGENCY USE ONLY 1. Emergency treatment of Coronary Artery Thrombosis 2. Ischaemic stroke (<4.5hr window)
62
thrombolytic agents moa
Enhance conversion of Plasminogen -> Plasmin
63
thrombolytic agents roa
1. Intracoronary injection 2. IV
64
thrombolytic agents ae
1. Bleeding 2. Banned for pregnancy 3. Banned for healing wounds
65
loop diuretics examples
Furosemide Bumetanide
66
loop diuretics uses
heart failure
67
loop diuretics moa
Selectively inhibit luminal Na/K/Cl transporter in thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle
68
loop diuretics roa
IV
69
loop diuretics ae
1. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis 2. Hyperuricemia
70
potassium sparing diuretics examples
Spironolactone Amiloride
71
potassium sparing diuretics uses
heart failure
72
potassium sparing diuretics moa
Aldoesterone receptor blocker: Spironolactone Na channel blocker: Amiloride
73
potassium sparing diuretics ae
1. Hyperkalemia 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Gynecomastia
74
hydralazine uses
hypertension heart failure
75
hydralazine moa
Direct Arteriole vasodilator
76
hydralazine roa
Oral
77
hydralazine ae
1. Baroreflex associated sympathetic activation - flushing, hypotension, tachycardia 2. Hydralazine - Induced Lupus Syndrome
78
sodium channel blockers uses
arrythmias
79
sodium channel blockers examples
CLASS 1A: Procainamide CLASS 1B: Lidocaine CLASS 1C: Flecainide
80
sodium channel blockers moa
Procainamide 1. Slows Phase 0 depolarization 2. Increases ERP Lidocaine 1. Shorten Phase 3 repolarization and APD 2. No change in ERP Flecainide 1. Slows Phase 0 depolarization 2. No change in ERP
81
potassium channel blockers examples
Amiodarone
82
potassium channel blockers uses
arrythmias
83
potassium channel blockers moa
1. Prolong Phase 3 repolarization 2. Increase ERP
84
potassium channel blockers ae
1. Symptomatic Bradycardia 2. Heart Block
85
what class of drug is Glyceryl Trinitrate
nitrates
86
what class of drug is Carvedilol
beta blocker
87
what class of drug is Gemfibrozil
fibrates
88
what class of drug is Amlodipine
DHP Calcium Channel blockers
89
what class of drug is Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN)
nitrates
90
what class of drug is Amiloride
Potassium-sparing Diuretics
91
what class of drug is Nifedipine
DHP Calcium Channel blockers
92
what class of drug is Losartan
AT1 blocker
93
what class of drug is Bisoprolol
beta blockers
94
what class of drug is Vytorin and what does it comprise
Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor Ezetimibe+Simvastatin
95
what class of drug is Lidocaine
sodium channel blocker
96
what class of drug is Atorvastatin
hmg coa reductase inhibitors
97
what class of drug is Enalapril
ace inhibitor
98
what class of drug is Bumetanide
loop diuretics
99
what class of drug is Indapamide
thiazide diuretics
100
what class of drug is Metoprolol
beta blockers
101
what class of drug is Urokinase
thrombolytic agents
102
what class of drug is Flecainide
sodium channel blocker
103
what class of drug is Amiodarone
potassium channel blocker
104
what class of drug is Captopril
ACE inhibitor
105
what class of drug is Valsartan
AT1 blockers
106
what class of drug is Pravastatin
hmg coa reductase inhibitors
107
what class of drug is Hydrochlorothiazide
thiazide diuretics
108
what class of drug is Diltiazem
non DHP calcium channel blockers
109
what class of drug is Spironolactone
potassium sparing diuretics
110
what class of drug is Furosemide
loop diuretics
111
what class of drug is Streptokinase
thrombolytic agents
112
what class of drug is Candesartan
AT1 blockers
113
what class of drug is Propranolol
beta blockers
114
what class of drug is Fenofibrate
fibrates
115
what class of drug is Ezetimibe
Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor
116
what class of drug is Verapamil
non DHP calcium channel blocker
117
what class of drug is Simvastatin
hmg coa reductase inhibitor
118
what class of drug is Procainamide
sodium channel blocker
119
what class of drug is Lisinopril
ACE inhibitor
120
Name all the classes of drugs for anti-arrythmics and their mechanisms

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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