Resp drugs Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Opioid Antitussive examples
A
Codeine
2
Q
Opioid Antitussive uses
A
most effective antitussive for dry cough
3
Q
Opioid Antitussive moa
A
Act in CNS to suppress cough
4
Q
Opioid Antitussive roa
A
Oral
5
Q
Opioid Antitussive ae
A
- CNS - sedation, confusion
- Respiratory depression - risk on overdose
- Abuse potential at high dose
6
Q
Non-opioid Antitussive examples
A
Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine
7
Q
Non-opioid Antitussive uses
A
Dextromethorphan:
most effective non-opioid antitussive for dry cough
Diphenhydramine:
dry cough
8
Q
Non-opioid Antitussive moa
A
Dextromethorphan:
acts on CNS to suppress cough
Diphenhydramine:
anti-histamine with unknown moa
9
Q
Non-opioid Antitussive roa
A
Oral
10
Q
Non-opioid Antitussive ae
A
Dextromethorphan:
1. CNS - drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, excitement, nervousness
2. GIT - nausea, vomiting, stomachache
3. Abuse potential at high dose but less risk of addiction than codeine
Diphenhydramine:
1. Sedative
2. Anticholinergic
11
Q
Mucolytics examples
A
Acetylcysteine
Carbocisteine
12
Q
Mucolytics uses
A
productive cough
13
Q
Mucolytics moa
A
Free sulfhydryl group opens disulphide bonds in mucoproteins -> Lowers mucous viscosity
14
Q
Mucolytics roa
A
Oral
Inhalation
15
Q
Mucolytics ae
A
- Bronchospasm - Caution for asthma
- Anaphylactoid reactions - rash, hypotension, dyspnea, wheezing
- GI disturbance
16
Q
Mucokinetic examples
A
Bromhexine
17
Q
Mucokinetic uses
A
productive cough
18
Q
Mucokinetic moa
A
- Promote mucous clearance
- Stimulate surfactant production
19
Q
Mucokinetic ae
A
- Allergic reactions
- Cutaneous adverse effects
20
Q
Mucoregulator examples
A
Ipratropium
21
Q
Mucoregulator uses
A
severe cold
22
Q
Mucoregulator moa
A
- Short-acting Muscarinic Receptor antagonist (SAMA)
- Block inflammation-induced parasympathetic cholinergic M3 receptor activation of submucosal glands/goblet cells
23
Q
Mucoregulator roa
A
Intranasal
24
Q
Mucoregulator ae
A
- Few ADR as little enters systemic circulation intranasally
- Unpleasant taste
- Dry mouth
25
Mast Cell Stabilizer examples
Cromoglicic Acid
26
Mast Cell Stabilizer uses
For severe cold symptoms
27
Mast Cell Stabilizer roa
1. Intranasal
2. Inhaled
28
Mast Cell Stabilizer moa
1. Reduce Mast cell degranulation
2. Secrete Annexin A1
29
Mast Cell Stabilizer ae
1. Throat and nasal irritation, mouth dryness, cough
2. Unpleasant/bitter taste
30
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist examples
Non selective:
Epinephrine
Beta-2 selective:
Salbutamol (SABA)
Formoterol (LABA)
Salmeterol (LABA)
31
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist uses
1st line bronchodilator for asthma
32
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist moa
Airway smooth muscle relaxation -> bronchodilation
33
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist roa
Epinephrine (IV/SC in emergency)
Salbutamol (Fast acting SABA: 2-3 hours) (Inhalation or IV in emergency)
Formoterol (Fast acting LABA: 12 hours) (Inhalation)
Salmeterol (Long acting LABA: 12 hours) (Inhalation)
34
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist ae
1. Tremor and muscle cramps
2. Palpitations, tachycardia
3. Beta-2 adrenoceptor tolerance - relievers may not work during attacks
35
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist examples
Ipratropium Bromide
Tiotropium Bromide
36
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist uses
1st line bronchodilator for COPD
37
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist moa
Inhibit M3 receptor-mediated bronchoconstrictions
38
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist roa
Inhalation
Ipratropium Bromide (SAMA)
Tiotropium Bromide (LAMA)
39
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist ae
1. Typical parasympatholytic effects - dry mouth, urinary retention
40
Methylxanthines uses
acute severe asthma or COPD
41
Methylxanthines examples
Theophylline
42
Methylxanthines moa
- Inhibits phosphodiesterases (PDEs)
- prevent breakdown of cAMP
- potentiates bronchodilation
43
Methylxanthines roa
1. Oral-ER
2. IV
44
Methylxanthines ae
1. GI: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, discomfort
2. CNS: Nervousness, tremor, seizures, insomnia, anxiety
3. Narrow therapeutic window
4. Many DDIs: Caution for potential drug interactions
45
Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist examples
Montelukast
46
Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist uses
Adjunct therapy for mild to moderate asthma
47
Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist moa
Relax airways in mild asthma
48
Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist roa
Tablet
49
Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist ae
Not used alone as reliever to rescue asthma attack
50
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) examples
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Ciclesonide
51
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) uses
First line prophylactic for asthma and COPD treatment - anti-inflammatory!!!!
52
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) moa
Reduce pro-inflammatory mediators in airways
53
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) roa
1. Inhalation
2. IV in acute asthma attack
54
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) ae
1. Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
2. Dysphonia
55
Expectorant examples
Guaifenesin
56
Expectorant uses
productive cough
57
Expectorant roa
oral
58
Expectorant moa
Produce more respiratory tract fluids to reduce viscosity of mucus secretions
59
Expectorant ae
GI disturbance, Nausea
60
Sympathomimetic Agents examples
Phenylephrine: Direct A-adrenoceptor Agonist:
Alpha-1 selective
Oxymetazoline: Direct A-adrenoceptor Agonist: Non-Selective
Naphazoline:Direct A-adrenoceptor Agonist: Non-Selective
Pseudoephedrine: Indirect rise in adrenaline release
Ephedrine:Indirect rise in adrenaline release
61
Sympathomimetic Agents uses
For cold:
Reduce inflammation and secretion of mucus
62
Sympathomimetic Agents moa
Vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels
63
Sympathomimetic Agents roa
Phenylephrine: oral or intranasal
Oxymetazoline: Intranasal
Naphazoline: Intranasal
Pseudoephedrine: oral or intranasal
Ephedrine: Intranasal
64
Sympathomimetic Agents ae
1. Rebound congestion
2. CNS stimulation - Restlessness, tremors, irritability, anxiety, insomnia
3. Dry mouth
65
Nasal Glucocorticoid examples
Fluticasone
Mometasone
66
Nasal Glucocorticoid uses
For cold: decrease mucus and congestion
67
Nasal Glucocorticoid moa
Anti-inflammation
68
Nasal Glucocorticoid roa
Intranasal
69
Nasal Glucocorticoid ae
Local mucosal dryness and irritation
70
what class of drug is Codeine
opioid antitussive
71
what class of drug is Salmeterol
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist (LABA)
72
what class of drug is Fluticasone
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
Nasal Glucocorticoid
73
what class of drug is Guaifenesin
expectorant
74
what class of drug is Pseudoephedrine
Sympathomimetic Agents
75
what class of drug is Carbocisteine
mucolytic
76
what class of drug is Tiotropium Bromide
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist (LAMA)
77
what class of drug is Cromoglicic Acid
mast cell stabiliser
78
what class of drug is Naphazoline
Sympathomimetic Agents
79
what class of drug is Dextromethorphan
non opioid antitussive
80
what class of drug is Epinephrine
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist
81
what class of drug is Salbutamol
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist (SABA)
82
what class of drug is Ciclesonide
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
83
what class of drug is Mometasone
Nasal Glucocorticoid
84
what class of drug is Ephedrine
Sympathomimetic Agents
85
what class of drug is Ipratropium
Mucoregulator
86
what class of drug is Acetylcysteine
Mucolytic
87
what class of drug is Montelukast
Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist
88
what class of drug is Phenylephrine
Sympathomimetic Agents
89
what class of drug is Bromhexine
Mucokinetic
90
what class of drug is Ipratropium Bromide
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist (SAMA)
91
what class of drug is Budesonide
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
92
what class of drug is Oxymetazoline
Sympathomimetic Agents
93
what class of drug is Diphenhydramine
non opioid antitussive
94
what class of drug is Formoterol
Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist (LABA)
95
what class of drug is Theophylline
Methylxanthines
