Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Endocrine drugs > Flashcards

Endocrine drugs Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

levothyroxine uses

A

hypothyroidism (T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

levothyroxine roa

A

oral or IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

levothyroxine ae

A

Overdosing can cause:
cardiac arrest, hypertension, palpitations. tachycardia, anxiety, heat intolerance, insomnia, hyperactivity, irritability, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

liothyronine uses

A

hypothyroidism (T3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

liothyronine roa

A

oral/ IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

liothyronine ae

A

Overdosing can cause:
cardiac arrest, hypertension, palpitations. tachycardia, anxiety, heat intolerance, insomnia, hyperactivity, irritability, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

levothyroxine monitoring and what time of day should it be taken

A

Levothyroxine monitoring:
When initiating L-T4 therapy, serum TSH should be measured to monitor for adequate replacement.
2. TSH should be measured 6-8 weeks after initiation of, or a change in L-T4 dose

What time of day:
Taken 30-45 minutes before breakfast on empty stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

thioamides examples

A

Carbimazole (1st line)
Propylthiouracil (PTU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thioamides uses

A
  1. Graves disease
  2. Thyroid storm: PTU may be favoured because it has a small but additional effect of blocking the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thioamides moa

A

Inhibit thyroid peroxidase enzyme (TPO) and interfere with the iodination of thyroglobulin

  • Propylthiouracil also inhibits deiodination of T4 to T3 systemically
  • Carbimazole is converted to the active metabolite, thiamazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

thioamides roa

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

thioamides ae

A
  • Relatively low incidence of ADRs
  • Most serious: Agranulocytosis
    • If the patient develops a sore throat, fever, or
      other signs or symptoms of infection, they should
      stop and have a complete blood count
  • The most common reaction is a mild, occasionally purpuric, urticarial papular rash
  • Cholestatic jaundice with carbimazole
  • Severe liver injury and acute liver failure with PTU
    • therefore, carbimazole preferred for its less
      hepatotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

strong iodine examples

A

Lugol’s Solution
Potassium Iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

strong iodine uses

A
  1. Used in the preoperative period for thyroidectomy
  2. Useful in thyroid storm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

strong iodine moa

A
  • Suppress iodination of tyrosine
  • Can be used to temporarily inhibit T4 and T3 synthesis and release, hence useful in thyroid storm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

strong iodine ae

A

Allergic-like reactions can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

radioactive iodine examples

A

131 Iodide
123 Iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

radioactive iodine uses

A

graves disease
toxic nodular goitre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

radioactive iodine roa

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

radioactive iodine moa

A
  • Radioactive iodine is rapidly and efficiently trapped by the thyroid sodium-iodide transporter, into the follicular cells, from which it is slowly liberated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

radioactive iodine ae

A
  • High incidence of delayed hypothyroidism
  • Radioactive iodine therapy has been associated with worsening Graves’ ophthalmopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Biguanides examples

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Biguanides uses

A

First-line therapy for Type II DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Biguanides moa

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis)
Increases the density of insulin receptors at the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Biguanides roa
oral
26
Biguanides ae
1. GI issues - diarrhoea, vomiting, indigestion. 2. Raise risk of Vit B12 malabsorption and hence Vit B12 deficiency
27
Thiazolidinediones examples
Pioglitazone
28
Thiazolidinediones uses
1. High glucose-lowering efficacy 2. Does not affect insulin secretion
29
Thiazolidinediones moa
Raise insulin-dependent glucose disposal and lower insulin resistance in liver
30
Thiazolidinediones roa
oral
31
Thiazolidinediones ae
- Weight gain - Peripheral edema - Increased risk of heart failure (fluid retention) - Bone fractures
32
Sulfonylurea examples
Glipizide Gliclazide Glibenclamide
33
Sulfonylurea uses
Overall hypoglycaemic effects are potentiated when prescribed alongside Metformin / Thiazoldinediones
34
Sulfonylurea moa
stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas
35
Sulfonylurea roa
oral
36
Sulfonylurea ae
- Can cause weight gain - Risk for hypoglycemia (highest with Glibenclamide)
37
Meglitinides examples
Nateglinide Repaglinide
38
Meglitinides uses
administered just before meals to control post prandial glucose levels
39
Meglitinides moa
bind and close the K-ATP channels on the pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner stimulating insulin release
40
Meglitinides roa
oral
41
DPP-4 inhibitors examples
Sitagliptin Vildagliptin Linagliptin
42
DPP-4 inhibitors uses
Intermediate glucose-lowering efficacy
43
DPP-4 inhibitors moa
stimulate pancreatic β-cells to increase glucose-stimulated insulin release
44
DPP-4 inhibitors roa
oral
45
DPP-4 inhibitors ae
1. GI issues - Diarrhoea, nausea, stomachache 2. Flu-like symptoms - headache, runny nose, sore throat
46
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist examples
Semaglutide Liraglutide
47
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist uses
reduce appetite and helps with weight loss
48
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist moa
suppression of glucagon release by the pancreas
49
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist roa
subcutaneous injection
50
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist ae
Gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
51
Rapid-acting insulin examples
Lispro Aspart
52
Rapid-acting insulin roa and doa
- Can be injected subcutaneously just before meals - Can also be injected IV in times of emergency - SHORTER DOA -> lower incidence of hypoglycaemia
53
intermediate acting insulin examples
NPH
54
intermediate acting insulin roa and doa
1. When injected Subcutaneously, precipitated crystals of NPH insulin released slowly causing longer DOA.
55
Long-acting insulin examples
Glargine Detemir
56
Long-acting insulin roa and doa
Used as background insulin, injected once and its acts for 18-24 hours
57
AE for insulin therapy
hypoglycemia: symptoms like dizziness, tremor, sweating **NPH highest risk of hypoglycaemia** lipodystrophy: accumulation of fat due to repeated insulin injections
58
what class of drug is Propylthiouracil (PTU)
thioamide
59
what class of drug is Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinediones
60
what class of drug is Sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
61
what class of drug is Aspart
rapid acting insulin
62
what class of drug is 131 Iodide
radioactive iodine
63
what class of drug is Lugol's Solution
strong iodine
64
what class of drug is Semaglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
65
what class of drug is Gliclazide
Sulfonylurea
66
what class of drug is Potassium Iodide
strong iodine
67
what class of drug is Liraglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
68
what class of drug is Vildagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitors
69
what class of drug is Glipizide
Sulfonylurea
70
what class of drug is Nateglinide
Meglitinides
71
what class of drug is Glargine
Long-acting insulin
72
what class of drug is Carbimazole
Thioamides
73
what class of drug is 123 Iodide
Radioactive Iodine
74
what class of drug is Linagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitors
75
what class of drug is Lispro
rapid acting insulin
76
what class of drug is Metformin
biguanides
77
what class of drug is Repaglinide
Meglitinides
78
what class of drug is NPH
Intermediate-acting insulin
79
what class of drug is Detemir
Long-acting insulin
80
what class of drug is Glibenclamide
Sulfonylurea

Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions