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**Host and Defense > CNS Infections > Flashcards

CNS Infections Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 different types of Infections to the CNS?

A
  1. Abscess
  2. Empyema
  3. Meningitis
  4. Encephalomyelitis
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2
Q

Name two sites for CNS infections

A
  1. Brain

2. Spinal Cord

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3
Q

Describe the etiology of CNS infections

A
  • Bacterial
  • Fungal
  • Other
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4
Q

What are the two types of abscesses in a bacterial CNS infection?

A
  1. Cerebral

2. Spinal

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5
Q

What is the most common CNS infection secondary to dental pathology/procedure?

A

CNS abscess

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6
Q

List 4 symptoms of a CNS abscess

A
  1. Changes in consciousness
  2. Focal neurologic signs
  3. Vomiting
  4. Fever
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7
Q

Give 3 examples of Focal neurologic signs

A
  1. Speech defects
  2. Visual Field defects
  3. Paresis
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8
Q

What is Paresis?

A

a condition of muscular weakness caused by nerve damage or disease; partial paralysis.

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for a bacterial abscess in a CNS infection?

A
  1. Oral pathology
  2. Oral procedures
  3. Immunocompromised
  4. Chronic illness
  5. Chronic heart disease
  6. Skull Fracture
  7. Meningitis
  8. Sinus infections
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10
Q

What are 4 things involved in diagnosing a CNS abscess?

A
  1. Symptoms
  2. Physical exam
  3. Imaging
  4. Laboratories
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11
Q

What things are involved with the laboratory when diagnosing a CNS abscess?

A
  1. Peripheral blood
  2. CSF
  3. Cultures
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12
Q

What is the treatment for a CNS bacterial abscess?

A
  1. Antibiotics

2. Surgery (if > 2.5cm)

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13
Q

What is the pathology of a bacterial abscess?

A

Liquefactive

**which means:
necrosis (or colliquative necrosis) is a type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass. Often it is associated with focal bacterial or fungal infections.

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14
Q

Name 4 dental sources of CNS infections

A
  1. Caries–pulpitis
  2. Apical periodontitis
  3. Phlegmon/Abscess formation external to the brain
  4. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontits
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15
Q

What is the dental procedure most commonly associated with CNS infection?

A

Extraction

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16
Q

What percent of Dental CNS infections have underlying intraoral pathology?

A

87%

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17
Q

What percent of Dental CNS infections with underlying intra-oral patholgy showed Dental symptoms before neurologic symtpoms?

A

40%

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18
Q

What percent of Dental CNS infections that have underlying intra-oral pathology present as ipsilateral?

A

70%

*diffuse/bilateral oral pathology is also common (like ginigivitis)

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19
Q

What percent of Dental CNS infections were preceded by dental procedures?

A

47%

*Most related to molar teeth

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20
Q

What type of patients are at risk for Mycoses infections in the CNS?

A

Immunocompromised

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21
Q

What are the most common fungi that are CNS infection causing?

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A
  1. Pathogenic Molds
    • Aspergillus
    • Zygomycetes
  2. Candida spp.
  3. Cryptococcus Neoformans
  4. Dimorphic fungi
22
Q

What is the most common fungi that will cause a CNS infection?

Study These Flashcards
A

Aspergillus fumigatus

23
Q

What is another name for Zygomycetes?

24
Q

What are the risk factors for Zygomycetes?

Study These Flashcards
A

Diabetes and immunosuppression

25
What is the presentation of Zygomycetes?
Rapidly progressive facial swelling
26
What are the different species of Zygomycocetes?
1. Mucor 2. Rhizomucor 3. Rhizopus
27
What is the morphology of Zygomycetes?
- Wide/ribbon-like | - 90 degree branching
28
T/F CNS infections caused by Candida are among the most common
False, they are uncommon
29
What are the different forms of a CNS infection cause by candida?
- Meningitis - Encephalitis - Abscess
30
What is the treatment for Candidial infections of the CNS?
Multimodal antifungals
31
What is the etiology of Candidial CNS infections?
Oral etiology is unproven
32
T/F Candidial infectdions occur mostly in immunocompromised people
True
33
Aside from bacteria and fungi, what are other causes of CNS infections?
1. Parasites 2. Spirochetes 3. Viruses 4. Prion Disease
34
Name two parasites that can cause CNS infections
1. Helminths | 2. Protozoa
35
Give an example of a CNS infection caused by a helminth and what organisms causes it
1. Neurocystercerosis | - Taenia solum (pork tapeworm)
36
Give an example of a CNS infection caused by Protozoa and the organism that causes it
1. Toxoplasmosis | - Toxoplasma gondii
37
What viruses can cause CNS infections?
Herpes virus
38
Give two examples of CNS infections caused by herpes
1. Herpetic gingivostomatitis | 2. Herpes Simplex encephalitis
39
Describe Herpetic gingivostomatitis
- HSV1 or HSV2 - Very common - Peak incidence 6 mos--5 years and 20 years
40
Describe Herpes Simplex encephalitis
-Rare: around 3 cases/million people a year
41
T/F Spirochetes are a frequent cause of CNS infections
False, they are uncommon neurosurgical specimens
42
Give two examples of Spirochete caused infections that can cause CNS issues
1. Neurosyphilis | 2. Lyme Disease
43
What spirochete organisms cause Neurosyphilis?
Treponema pallidum
44
What spirochete organisms can cause lyme disease?
- Borrelia burgdorferi | - Gumma--inflammatory pseudotumors
45
What is also known as "slow viruses"?
Prion disease
46
What are the 4 types of prion disesase?
1. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) 2. CJD new variant 3. Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome (GSS) 4. Kuru (extinct)
47
Which type of Prion disease is sporadic/iatrogenic?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
48
What is the etiology of CNS infections caused by Aspergillus?
Oral -> Sinus -> CNS -Immunocompromised hosts
49
What does the presentation of a CNS infection caused by Aspergillus look like?
Focal Symptoms
50
What is the pathology of CNS infections caused by aspergillus?
- Single/multiple abscess - Granulomata - Infarcted brain
51
How would you treat a CNS infection caused by Aspergillus?
- Aggressive surgical excision | - Amphotericin B + Flucytosine
52
T/F Spirochetes can lead to a CNS infection via the dental/oral route
False, *Dental/oral CNS infection not known

**Host and Defense (31 decks)

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