CNS Part 5 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is the disadvantage of the second-generation antipsychotics?
they are associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic side effects such as hyperglycemia, weight gain, and dyslipidemia.
What is the pharmacodynamics of the Atypical (2nd generation) Antipsychotics
Bind dopamine with selectivity for limbic dopamine receptors.
Have increased affinity for serotonin.
Bind acetylcholine at alpha receptors & muscarinic, histamine and nicotinic receptors.
What does olanzapine increase the risk of?
Increases risk for weight gain, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes
What are the adverse effects of risperidone?
Anticholinergic and CV effects
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Sexual dysfunction
What are the adverse effects of aripiprazole?
Agitation
Akathisia
Nausea
Tremor
Insomnia
headache
What is the primary receptor blocked by both typical and atypical antipsychotics?
Dopamine 2 receptors
Atypicals also block which additional receptor?
Serotonin
Which atypical agent has an adverse effect of agranulocytosis?
Clozapine
What are seizures?
Seizures are episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that cause involuntary movements, sensations, or thoughts
What are the causes of seizures?
There are numerous causes for seizures including head trauma, tumors, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, fever, stroke, withdrawal from chronic alcohol use, and more
What are the two main categories of seizures?
Generalized and Partial or focal seizures
What causes generalized seizures?
A generalized seizure arises in both hemispheres of the brain and involves loss of consciousness.
What are the characteristics of a partial seizure?
seizure originates in only one cerebral hemisphere, and the person does not lose consciousness
