Coasts KQ 3

Question 1

What could cause a change in global temperature?

Answer 1

• variations in the earths orbit around the sun
• variations in the amount of energy produced buy the sun
  -changes in the composition of the earths atmosphere due to major volcanic eruptions
  -variations in the tilt of the earths axis

Question 2

if there is a fall in global temperature how will precipitation be affected ?

Answer 2

more precipitation will fall as snow

Question 3

if there is a fall in global temperature what will there be lower rates of ?

Answer 3

evaporation , condensation and then precipiatation

Question 4

if there is a fall in global temperature what will more water be stored as ?

Answer 4

snow and ice (in glaciers and ice sheets )

Question 5

if there is a fall in global temperatures where will less water be stored in ?

Answer 5

oceans

Question 6

what is thermal contraction ?

Answer 6

as temps fall , water molecules contract leading to an increased density and reduced volume

Question 7

what are eustatic changes ?

Answer 7

changes in the volume of water in the global ocean store

Question 8

when was the tyrrhenian glacial period ?

Answer 8

130 000years ago

Question 9

how high was the sea level 130 000 years ago ?

Answer 9

20m

Question 10

when was the riss glacial period ?

Answer 10

108 000 years ago

Question 11

how low was sea level 108 000 years ago ?

Answer 11

-85m

Question 12

what period is the flandrian trangsression ?

Answer 12

25,000 years ago to now
(sea l;evel rising to present day )

Question 13

names some features on an emergent coastline ?

Answer 13

abandoned cliffs
active beach
marine terrace
raised beach
abandoned waterfalls

Question 14

what is falling sea level ?

Answer 14

during glacial periods the ocean height is reduced because ocean water is stored as ice upon the land surface

Question 15

what is a raised beach ?

Answer 15

a deposit of sand which is now above sea level

Question 16

what is a marine terrace ?

Answer 16

a rock terrace where a wave cut platform has been left inland by falling sea levels (or uplift of the land )

Question 17

what is an emergent landform ?

Answer 17

found inland some distance from the modern coastline as a result of a fall in sea level

Question 18

what is the plan view of a ria ?

Answer 18

wide and branching plan view

Question 19

what is the long profile of a ria ?

Answer 19

gentle gradi8ent and the depth is similar all the way along it

Question 20

what is the cross section of a ria ?

Answer 20

shallow cross section
slightly deeper in the middle

Question 21

what are rias useful for >?

Answer 21

ideal for harbours and mariners because it is sheltered

Question 22

when did rias form ?

Answer 22

during the post glacial sea level rise of the flandrian transgression

Question 23

what is a ria ?

Answer 23

A river valley that’s been flooded by the eustatic rise in sea level, usually where a river meets the ocean📍

Question 24

what are valley sides like of a ria ?

Answer 24

gently sloping
been formed by mass movement and weathering

Question 25

what is an example of a fjord in new Zealand?

Answer 25

Milford sound , new zealand

Question 26

what are fjords used for >?

Answer 26

transport natural sheltered habour

Question 27

what is a fjord ?

Answer 27

submerged glacial valley

Question 28

what is the cross section of a fjord like ?

Answer 28

steep valley sides water = uniformly deep U Shaped sometime deep as 1000 m deeper than a ria

Question 29

what is the long profile of a fjord like ?

Answer 29

straighter long profile shallower section at the end known as the threshold extra bit of rock at the end

Question 30

how long is the sogne fjord in Norway ?

Answer 30

200km long

Question 31

How was a fjord formed ?

Answer 31

interlocking spurs were removed as a u shaped valley was carved out by the glacier which formerly occupied the valley

Question 32

what is the plan view of a fjord like ?

Answer 32

straighter plan form than a ria

Question 33

how does a ria form ?

Answer 33

the floodplain is completely drowned and only the middle and upper parts are exposed

Question 34

what are the processes involved in the formation of a ria ?

Answer 34

formed by fluvial erosion weathering and mass movement shape the valley sides underlain by fluvial material deposited during the Flandrian transgression

Question 35

What processes are involved in the formation of a fjord ?

Answer 35

glacial erosion (abrasion and plunging) freeze thaw weathering high marine erosion rates

Question 36

what is Chesil beach ?

Answer 36

a bar of shingle that joins portland bill to the mainland

Question 37

how was Chesil beach formed ?

Answer 37

rising sea levels pushed pebbles in a north east direction to create Chesil beach

Question 38

what may shingle beaches also form ?

Answer 38

may form tombolos and bars

Question 39

Is falling global temperatures emergent or submergent ?

Answer 39

emergent

Question 40

is rising global temperatures submergent or emergent ?

Answer 40

submergent

Question 41

What will rising sea levels lead to ?

Answer 41

Accelerated erosion of cliffs and beaches Flooding of urban areas Salinisation of agricultural land Salinisation of freshwater sources Widespread destruction of habitats

Question 42

What are some examples of responses to rising sea level ?

Answer 42

Sea walls Grounds Artificial raising of land behind walls Retreat - abandon land to sea Upstream draining of dammed lakes

Question 43

What does peri glacial mean ?

Answer 43

When it was really cold (just after a glacial period)

Question 44

What does post glacial mean ?

Answer 44

Present day temp

Question 45

What is an isostatic change ?

Answer 45

Due to rising or sinking of the earths crust caused by either tectonic movement or removal or addition of a great weight (e.g. ice sheeet)

Question 46

What is post glacial rebound ?

Answer 46

The rise of a land mass after the removal of the huge weight of ice sheets during g the last glacial period , which caused isostatic depression

Question 47

Are isostatic changes localised or global ?

Answer 47

Localised

Question 48

Are eustatic changes localised or global ?

Answer 48

Global

Question 49

What are the peri glacial modifications of emergent landforms ?

Answer 49

Frost weathering causing rock fall from the cliff face Cryoturbation (frost churning) has disrupted the layers of the permafrost Layers of debris fo=room frost shattering

Question 50

What are the post glacial modifications to emergent landforms ?

Answer 50

Development of vegetation cover on some surfaces More chemical weathering of the limestone by carbonation Biological weathering by increasing numbers of limpets

Question 51

What do limpets do ?

Answer 51

Provide a living substrate one which micro-habitats of algae and barnacles can survive

Question 52

What are the futur modifications of emergent landforms ?

Answer 52

Sea level rise could mean increases action wave processes

Question 53

How much is sea level rising each year ?

Answer 53

0.6mm

Question 54

What does not directly affect sea level rise and why ?

Answer 54

Melting sea ice Already si placing water

Question 55

What is the upper estimate of sea level rise by 2100 /

Answer 55

0.98mm

Question 56

Scandavia and Scotland dare rising relative sea level because of which process ?

Answer 56

Isostatic rebound

Question 57

How and why sea level changed to flood The Valley to create a fjord ?

Answer 57

Thermal expansion - water molecules increase Flandrian transgression Glacial ice caps melt which creases sea level

Question 58

What happened 20,000 years ago in terms of isostatic sea level change ?

Answer 58

Huge ice sheet covered NW Scotland This huge weight pressed the NW section of the plate down in to the mantle and SE England rose

Question 59

what is happening present day in terms of isostatic sea level change ?

Answer 59

Ice sheet has melted The weight has been removed and the NW of Scotland is sprinting back , but the SE is sinking

Question 60

What is there in the NW of Scotland ?

Answer 60

Is still rebounding Emergent landforms

Question 61

What is there is SE England ?

Answer 61

Still sinking So flooding Submerge the landforms

Question 62

What will a 1 degree fall in mean global temp result in ?

Answer 62

Sea level to fall by 2m

Question 63

What will a 1 degree rise in the mean global temp cause ?

Answer 63

Sea level rise of about 2m

Question 64

Give an example of a ria ?

Answer 64

Kings bridge estuary , south Devon

Question 65

How long is kings bridge estuarary in km ?

Answer 65

8.6 km