Coccidiostats & Antiprotozoal Flashcards
What coccidia and protozoans are these drugs mainly targeting?
coccidia: isospera and eimeria
Protozoal: cryptosporidium, giardia, sarcocystis, taxoplasma, babesia
- extracellular or intracellular stages
coccisostats vs coccidiocide
What are three drugs used for coccidiosis?
sulfonamides
potentiated sulfas
amprolium (amprol, ampromed)
What is the MOA and use of sulfonamides?
used for coccidiosis
MOA: PABA analogue - precurder for folate synthesis(not toxic to mammals)
- antibacterial and anticoccidial
sulfaquinoxaline (oral or poultry)
sulfamethazine (oral bolus for sheep, calves, poultry)
MOA and use of Potentiated sulfas
MOA: synergic inhibition of folate synthesis
sulfa + pyrimethamine (quinnozine S)
- poultry protozoa
trimethoprim + sulfa (good against coccidia)
What is Amprolium and what is its use?
thiamine analogue
prevention not Tx
oral solutions and feed for poultry and calves
MOA: coccidia are more sensitive to thiamine than mammals
What is the MOA and use of ionophores?
prophylaxis for coccidia in poultry and cattle
inhibits all stages
MOA: Na/K activation (electrolyte balance)
Use: prevention (coccidiostat) in broilers, salves, sheep and rabbits
What toxicities are associated with Ionophores?
dogs and horses
disrupts Na/K pump affecting cardiac and skeletal
Name an ionophore and its label use?
Cattle
- slow release capsule
other indications: strep bovis, increases propionate)
General use: feed efficiency, reduce bloat, reduction in fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium tuberculosis, decrease rumen lactic acid production
Dairy use: prevent subclinical ketosis, reduced milk fat, minimizing loss of BCS during lactation, feed efficiency and milk production
What is Toltrazuril used for?
piglets, lambs, rams
coccidiostat (reduction of shedding and clinical infection)
prolonged withdrawal
ELU: effective coccidiosis in puppies and cats, effective for poultry
What is Ponazuril (marquis) used for?
toltrazuril metabolite equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (sarcosystic neuronii)
oral
prolonged Tx well tolerated
What is Halofuginone (halocur) used for?
aid in reducing clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis caused by C.parvum in newborn calves, orally for 7d
low margin of safety
20d withdrawal
What is clindamycin used for?
lincosomide antibacterial drug
used for taxoplasmosis in dogs and cats
CNS penetration
What can be used for giardial infections?
Benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, fabantel, albendazole)
Metronidazole (falgyl)
