Insecticides & Ectoparasiticides

Question 1

What is the difference between a drug and a pesticide?

Answer 1

PCP vs DIN number

Question 2

What is unique about the rules of pesticides?

Answer 2

Cant use them off label

cant dispose partial packages

Question 3

What vet drugs have effect on external arthropods/insects?

Answer 3

invermectin = sarcoptes mange claim

Selamectin (fleas, mites, ticks)

Question 4

What vet pesticides have effect on external athropods/insects?

Answer 4

Advantage - topical flea adulticide (imidacloprid)

K9 advantix - flea and tick adulticide (imidacloprid & permethrin)

Advantage multi - flea, ecto, endoparasiticide (imidacloprid & moxidectin)

Question 5

What ectoparasite formulations are there?

Answer 5

ear tag, collar immersion baths, topical dust, shampoos, premises application

Question 6

What acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are there?

Answer 6

organophosphates

carbamates

Question 7

What is the MOA and formulations of organophosphates?

Answer 7

irreversible bind ing to AchE

• toxic to mammals (as well as ectoparasites)
• muscarinic then nicotinic
• delayed neuropathy

Diazinon ear tags (horn flies in cattle)

Question 8

What is the MOA and formulations of carbamates?

Answer 8

reversible competitive inhibition
less toxic than OP

dusitng powder for fles, mites, ticks and flies

Question 9

What is the MOA and use of Amitraz (others)?

Answer 9

inhibits monamine oxidase (monamines = serotonin, NE, dopamine)
use: demedicosis, prevention of tick

dips and collars

Question 10

What toxicity is associated with amitraz?

Answer 10

activation of A2 receptors (similar to xylazine)

- oral ingestion or excess dermal exposure

Question 11

What is the MOA and use etc of Pyrethrins/pyrethroids?

Answer 11

pyrethrins = chrysanthemum plant extracts
pyrethroid = synthetically modified compounds

highly lipid soluble
topicals stay in stratum corneum
not absorbed systemically = pesticide

MOA: act on Na channels (remain open) NT function

USE: shampoos, sprays, dips, dusts, ear tags for
- fleas, ticks, lice and mites

Toxic in cats

Question 12

What animal are pyrethrins and pyrethroids toxic to?

Answer 12

CATS

Question 13

What are neonicotinoids?

Answer 13

like nicotine, but more stable (non-ionized) crosses BBB

MOA: activates isect nicotinic receptors, depolarized neurons (no transmission), does not affect mammals

agricultural impacts

Question 14

What are two neonicotinoids?

Answer 14

Imidacloprid
- topical for dogs and cats (advantage/K9 advantix)
- surface translocation over skin
- kill adult and larval fleas and lice
- safe for mammals
- sea lice use 
Nitenpyram
- oral tablet
- flea adulticide in dogs and cats
- 100% oral F
- safe and effective against fipronil-resistance

Question 15

If a Tx has an insecticide and a drug in it, which is it considered?

Answer 15

drug

Question 16

What is an insect growth regulator?

Answer 16

analogues of hormones which regulate larval development (arrest development)

• little toxicity
• no effect on aults

Question 17

what are insect development inhibitors?

Answer 17

blocks development of insect exoskeleton by inhibiting chitin synthesis
- for egg and larval stage

Question 18

what is LuFEnuron used for?

Answer 18

monthly oral or SC (6m) for cats
sentinal tablets for dogs
sea lice (aquaculture)

Question 19

What drugs can be used for ectoparasites?

Answer 19

spinosad

isoxazoline ectoparasiticides

Question 20

What is spinosad?

Answer 20

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
Use: flea control in dogs and cats (ticks at large doses)
significant drug interactions with ML (pgp)

Question 21

What are isoxazolines?

Answer 21

antagonist of GABA and glut gates Cl channels (hyperpolarization)

use: flea and ticks
contraindications: seizure patients (increase frequency)

Question 22

What formulations do they have for isoxazolines?

Answer 22

topical
- fluralaner (bravecto) every 3m
oral
- fluralaner (bravecto - 3m)
- afoxalaner (nexguard - 1m)
- sarolander (simparica - em)