Behaviour Modifying Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are they used for in cats?
excessive vocalization, compulsive disorder, separation anxiety
What are they used for in dogs?
separation anxiety, aggression, loud noise phobia, compulsive disorder
What 3 NTs contribute to anxiety?
Monoamines
- serotonin, NE, dopamine
Gaba, glutamate (NMDA), Ach
What are two sites of action of these drugs?
blocking monamine oxidase
reuptake inhibitors
Name the drug classes and their subtypes
Antidepressants
- TCA
- SSRI
- SARI
- MOI
Anxiolytics
- Bezodiazapines
- Azapirones
Antiphsychotics
- Phenothiazines
- butyrophenone
Others
- NMDA antagonists
- Narcotic antagonists
Name 2 TCA antidepressant
Clomipramine (clomicalm)
Amitriptyline
What is the MOA, use, and side effects of TCA (clomipramine)
Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and NE
used for: anxiety states (separation, aggression, urine marking, general anxiety, excessive vocalization, phobias), compulsive disorders (stereotypies)
can be used in combo with anxiolytics
Side effects: mild sedation, dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, hypotension, arrhythmias
Name a SSRI antidepressant
Fluoxetine (reconcile) -no vet formula
What is the MOA, use and side effects of SSRI (fluoxetine)?
inhibits reuptake of serotonin
used for: anxiety states (separation, aggression, urine marking, general, excessive vocalization, phobias)
used alone or in combo
Side effects: mild sedation, GI irritation, excessive vocalization, seizures.
Transdermal = poor bioavailability
Name a SARI antidepressant
Trazadone
What is the MOA, use and side effects of SARI (trazadone)?
antagonize post synaptic 5HT2, histaminic (H1), and adrenergic (A1)
agonist on 5HT1 (may impact GABA)
used in combo with SSRI and TCA in dogs
dog: half life of 3h and 85% F
study in horses = oral absorption can cause ataxia and sedation
Name a MAOi antidepressant. Not marketed.
selegiline (anipryl)
used for: canine cognitive dysfunction
ineffective
What is serotonin syndrome?
too much serotonin in the CNS
TCA + SSRI + MAOi + others (tramadol)
What are autonomic, neuro, mental and other signs of serotonin syndrome?
Auto: tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, diarrhea
Neuro: tremors, myoclonus, hyperflexia
Mental: restless, paradoxical anxiety, confusion, agitation, coma
other: metabolic acidosis, renal failure, DIC
What is the treatment for serotonin syndrome?
fluids, external cooling, diazapam
Name 2 common benzodiazepine anxiolytics
diazepam (valium)
midazolam
What is the MOA, use and side effects of benzodiazepines
bind to GABA receptor, stabilize membranes
used for: anxiety (fear and phobias), urine spraying
used alone or in combo
Side effects: sedation, ataxia, increased appetite, increased friendliness, paradoxial excitation +/- hepatic necrosis, can interfere with learning and memory
Name an Azapirone anxiolytic.
Buspirone (human generic tablets)
What is the MOA, use and side effects of azapirone (buspirone)
5HT1 partial agonist, dopaminergic antagonist?
= serotonin increase and dopamine decrease
used for: anxiety states, urine spraying (not approved in cats/dogs) sole treatment (multicat household) not super effective
no cyp drug interactions
no sedation
but need frequent dose
Side effects: decreased inhibition, vomiting, more affectionate, tachycardia
What are pheromones used for?
urine marking
scratching (spray)
calm anxious cats + reduce urine spraying
What pheromones are on the market?
Cat appeasing pheromone (CAP, feliway freinds)
- reduce intercat aggression
Dog appeasing pheromone (adaptil collar, sprays, diffusers)
What is the best treatment for feline inappropriate urination?
TCA, SSRI
BDZ - not great long term
if you cant pill = pheromones
Name an antipsychotic (phenothiazine tranquilizers)
Acepromazine
What is the MOA, use and side effects of Ace?
decrease dopamine
CNS effect due to dopamine antagomisn
use: non-specific sedation in large and small animal
SE: hypotension, extrapyramidal signs, muscle rigidity, penile prolapse, ataxia, proposed 3rd eyelid, CYP mediated interactions
