Cog & Bio Perception

Question 1

What do perceptual experiences offer?

Answer 1

Offers one possibility of what the world is

Question 2

The bottom up approach is what psychology?

Answer 2

Gestalt psychology

Question 3

What is the law of pragnanz?

Answer 3

We typically perceive the simplest possible organisation of the visual field

Question 4

Figure / ground segregation is what?

Answer 4

Differentiate a figure (or target information) from its ground (or background information)

Question 5

What is subjective contour?

Answer 5

Contour that is physically absent in the stimulus but is filled in by the visual system

Question 6

What are the 4 limitations of gestalt approach?

Answer 6

1. It provides descriptions, but not explanations, of perceptual phenomenon
2. The findings are mostly based on 2D patterns
3. It does not account for the role of top-down processes
4. It overlooks the role of motion in perceptual organisations

Question 7

Perception is for what? - bottom-up process

Answer 7

Perception is for action, not for recognition

Question 8

Visual environment provides what?

Answer 8

Enough information for perception and action - no representation is needed

Question 9

What should research reflect?

Answer 9

Should reflect the real world the perceptual system evolved, which should be tested to elicit realistic responses

Question 10

Direct perception is the act of what?

Answer 10

Picking up information from the environment to guide action

Question 12

What is optic array?

Answer 12

Pattern of light reaching the eyes

Question 13

What is optic flow?

Answer 13

The pattern of light reaching the eye changing due to motion - when you move around the image you see changes

Question 14

What is affordance?

Answer 14

Potential use of an object or potential interaction with the environment - look at a chair and think it’s something to sit on

Question 15

What is optical flow determined by?

Answer 15

Our own movements

Question 16

Optical flow point of travel…

Answer 16

Remains stationary

Question 18

What is motion parallax?

Answer 18

Closer things to us moving faster

Question 19

Direct perception provides what?

Answer 19

A different perspective on perception - environmental information is rich and dynamic - perception is coupled with action

Question 20

What is wrong with direct perception?

Answer 20

Radical and oversimplified - rejects the existence of internal representation & minimises the role of top-down processes in perception - does not explain how action is executed

Question 21

What affects your interpretation and perception?

Answer 21

Whatever is in your mind

Question 22

What is the recognition by components (RBC) theory?

Answer 22

Objects are represented as, and therefore can be recognised by, the basic components (‘geons’) and their spatial relations (‘structural descriptions’)

Question 23

What does RBC predict?

Answer 23

That object recognition should be viewpoint invariant (i.e recognition should be equally rapid and accurate across different viewing angles)

Question 24

What is the multi-view theory of object recognition?

Answer 24

Object representations are collections of views that depict the appearance of objects from specific viewpoints
Recognition is viewpoint dependent

Question 25

What’s the difference between multi-view theory and RBC surrounding category exemplars?

Answer 25

Multi-view theory applies to recognition of within category exemplars, whereas the RBC theory has difficulty to do so

Question 26

What’s the difference between multi-view theory and RBC surrounding previous experience?

Answer 26

Multi-view theory emphasises the importance of previous experience, whereas the RBC theory highlights more on the bottom-up processes

Question 27

What can viewpoint-invariant recognition be achieved via?

Answer 27

Multiple-view learning

Question 28

Face recognition is what level?

Answer 28

Subordinate-level recognition

Question 29

What is face recognition sensitive to?

Answer 29

To the spatial relations of facial parts (holistic processing)

Question 30

What is face recognition supported by?

Answer 30

Relatively dedicated neural network

Question 31

What does Haxby et al face perception model highlight?

Answer 31

The difference between processing of invariant and variable facial information in the brain

Question 32

Models trained for visual categorisation can predict what?

Answer 32

Predicts patterns of object/category-level confusion observed in man and monkey

Question 33

What is wrong with models predicting observations in man and monkey?

Answer 33

Models are not able to predict patterns of image / instance-level confusion observed in man and monkey

Question 35

What are the 4 limitations of the Gestalt approach?

Answer 35

1. It provides description, not not explanations, or perceptual phenomenon 2. The findings are mostly based on 2D patterns 3. It does not account for the role of top-down processes 4. It overlooks the role of motion in perceptual organisations

Question 36

What is the direct perception bottom up process suggest?

Answer 36

Perception is for action, not for recognition

Question 37

Visual environments provide…

Answer 37

Enough information for perception and action: no representation is needed

Question 38

What should research reflect?

Answer 38

The real world the perceptual system evolved, which should be tested to elicit realistic responses

Question 39

What is direct perception?

Answer 39

The act of picking up information from the environment to guide action

Question 40

What is optic array?

Answer 40

Pattern of light reaching the eye (its changes due to motion is called optical flow) - when you move around the image you see changes