Cog & Bio Introduction Lecture

Question 1

Who thought the brain cooled down temperature of blood?

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

What provided evidence for evolution?

Answer 2

Fossils of extinct species

Question 3

What is homology?

Answer 3

Similarity based on common ancestry - compare species with ancestors and found a similar structure

Question 4

What animal has the same main structures as the human brain?

Answer 4

Rat

Question 5

What is natural selection?

Answer 5

Something that is more specialised for their environments (better fit) will create more babies and therefore pass on their genes more easily - gene pool

Question 6

Who was the person that developed Phrenology (linking psychology and neuroscience)

Answer 6

Franz Josez Gall

Question 7

What is functional localisation?

Answer 7

The idea that specific areas of the brain and responsible for certain functions

Question 8

Who was the first evidence that the brain has particular parts that do particular jobs?

Answer 8

Paul broca

Question 9

What is the Broca’s area anatomically referred to as?

Answer 9

The inferior frontal gyrus

Question 10

What is the front part of the brain also known as?

Answer 10

Anterior

Question 11

What is the back part of the brain also known as?

Answer 11

Posterior

Question 12

What is the top part of the brain known as?

Answer 12

Dorsal

Question 13

What is the bottom part of the brain also known as?

Answer 13

Ventral

Question 14

What is the higher part of the brain also known as?

Answer 14

Superior

Question 15

What is the lower part of the brain also known as?

Answer 15

Inferior

Question 16

What are the bumps in the brain also known as?

Answer 16

Gyri

Question 17

What are the folds in the brain known as?

Answer 17

Sulci

Question 18

What does more folds in the brain mean?

Answer 18

More surface area

Question 19

What is the brains biggest lobe?

Answer 19

Frontal lobe

Question 20

The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by what?

Answer 20

Central sulcus

Question 21

What frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by what?

Answer 21

Lateral sulcus

Question 22

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 22

Makes us human - higher level impacts on human cognition, decision making etc
Makes us grown up

Question 23

What would damages to the frontal lobe impact?

Answer 23

Personality

Question 24

What are the 3 main functions of frontal lobe?

Answer 24

1. Movement
2. Impulse control, judgement, language production, memory, problem solving, sexual behaviour, social behaviour
3. Involved in planning, coordinating, controlling and executing behaviour

Question 25

What is the smallest lobe?

Answer 25

Occipital lobe

Question 26

What does the occipital lobe deal with?

Answer 26

Visual processing

Question 28

The occipital lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by what?

Answer 28

Parietal-occipital sulcus

Question 29

What does calcarine sulcus equal?

Answer 29

Primary visual cortex

Question 30

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 30

Decides what something is

Question 31

The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by what?

Answer 31

Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)

Question 32

Superior temporal gyrus =?

Answer 32

Primary auditory cortex

Question 33

Inferior temporal gyrus =?

Answer 33

High-level visual processing, object recognition, face recognition

Question 34

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 34

Pieces together info

Question 35

The parietal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by what?

Answer 35

Central sulcus (fissure)

Question 36

What 5 things is the parietal lobe important for?

Answer 36

1. Somatosensory perception 2. Intersensory integration 3. Spatial vision 4. Spatial attention

Question 37

What is cerebellum also known as?

Answer 37

Little brain

Question 38

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 38

Balance, motor planning, motor learning, eye movement control

Question 39

What would injury to cerebellum result in?

Answer 39

Jittering with movements

Question 40

What does the cerebellum make predictions about?

Answer 40

What it thinks you will experience and compares it with what actually happened - if there’s a difference then corrections will be done

Question 41

What does the brain stem control?

Answer 41

Breathing, heartbeat, artery dilation, salivation

Question 42

Where is the brain stem and why is it located here?

Answer 42

In the middle of everything - keeps away from parts of brain that are more likely to be damaged

Question 43

Is damage to the brain stem critical?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Subcortical meaning and an example?

Answer 44

Within brain that you don’t see - ventricles

Question 45

Meninges and ventricular system - what are the 2 main functions?

Answer 45

1. Protect - acts as a shock absorber 2. Nourish - provides an exchange medium between blood and brain

Question 46

What are used to protect sub cortical structures?

Answer 46

Ventricles

Question 47

The limbic system includes structures important for?

Answer 47

Learning and memory

Question 48

What are the 3 structures included in the limbic system?

Answer 48

1. Amygdala 2. Hippocampus 3. Olfactory bulb

Question 49

What does the amygdala deal with?

Answer 49

Emotional regular and perception of odour

Question 50

What does the hippocampus deal with?

Answer 50

Some form of learning and memory

Question 51

What does the olfactory bulb deal with?

Answer 51

Sense of smell

Question 52

What do neurons do?

Answer 52

Send information

Question 53

When do neurons want to fire?

Answer 53

When it gets an input

Question 54

What are the 4 zones in a neuron?

Answer 54

1. Input zone 2. Integration zone 3. Conduction zone 4. Output zone

Question 55

What does the input zone do?

Answer 55

Receives information from other cells through dendrites

Question 56

What does the integration zone do?

Answer 56

Cell body region where inputs are combined and transformed

Question 57

What is the conduction zone?

Answer 57

Single axon leads away from the cell body and transmits the electrical impulse

Question 58

What is the output zone?

Answer 58

Axon terminal at the end of the axon communicate activity to other cells

Answer 59

Axon terminal at the end of the axon communicate activity to other cells

Question 60

What do dendrites look to get?

Answer 60

Info from other parts of the cell

Question 61

Through what do neurons send info to other neurons?

Answer 61

Neurotransmission

Question 62

What do axons have?

Answer 62

Myelin sheaf

Question 63

What is myelin sheaf?

Answer 63

Protective coding

Question 64

Are there more glial cells or neurons in the brain?

Answer 64

Glial cells

Question 65

What do astrocytes detect?

Answer 65

Neural active and regulate adjacent capillaries - neurons need blood