Cog General Info

Question 1

Acceleration/Deceleration Injiry

Answer 1

• car hits something
• you hit soemthing in car (coup)
• brain hits the skull (contrecoup) ??`

Question 2

most vulnerable areas to brain injury

Answer 2

• orbitofrontal
• anterior temporal horns
• brainstem

Question 3

Rational Injury (DAI)

Answer 3

• diffuse axonal injury
• shearing forces
• doesnt show up on MRI so pts are deemed “fine”
• theres metabolic damage to the neurons which causes cog difficulties

Question 4

anoxia

Answer 4

• lack of oxygen to the brain

- can occur if ICP>BP

Question 5

Immediate TBI consequences

Answer 5

laceration, contusion, DAI, coma, hypoxia, subdural/subarachnoid hemorrhage, CN damage

Question 6

cerebral contusion to orbitofrontal

Answer 6

lots of movement

Question 7

cerebral contusion to dorsolateral

Answer 7

pseudo-depressed syndrome, lack of niiation and motivation

Question 8

cerebral contusion to anterior temporal lobe

Answer 8

• attentional and memory problems

- disorganized thoughts, confusional states

Question 9

cerebral ocntusion to base of forebrain

Answer 9

(thalamus/hypothalamus damage)

-attention, memory, emotional control problems

Question 10

specific lobe injiry

Answer 10

-deficits relating to lobe

Question 11

DAI

Answer 11

severity of coma relates to degree of DAI

Question 12

immediate consequences of corpus collosum damage

Answer 12

-distractibility, decreased attention

Question 13

immediate consequences of midbrain damage

Answer 13

-sucebtible to coma

Question 14

immediate consequences of cerebellar damage

Answer 14

-ataxia

Question 15

Intermidiate consequences

Answer 15

• deemed the “gray” hours/days/weeks after TBI

- subdural hematoma, herniation of brain matter, cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, siezure

Question 16

subdural hematoma intermediate conequences

Answer 16

• may be a gradual leaking of blood

- results in anoxia if ICP>BP

Question 17

intermediate cons: herniation

Answer 17

• herniation of brain matter through tentorium
• affects the brainstem
• could turn into PCA stroke

Question 18

intermediate conseq: cerebral edema

Answer 18

-brain tissue sweeling, could cause necrosis

Question 19

intermed conseq: hydrocephalus

Answer 19

• CSF trapped in ventricles

- causes high ICP, could also cause necrosis

Question 20

Late consequences of TBI (months/years lateR)

Answer 20

• chronic subdural hematoma
• hydrocephalus
• depression

Question 21

late conseq: chronic subdural hematoma

Answer 21

• recurring head ache
• subtle hemiparesis
• regression in function
• variation in arousal
• may need a shunt

Question 22

late cons: hydrocephalus

Answer 22

-shunt obstruction could cause changes in function, gate, behavior, or dementia

Question 23

drepression (late conseq)

Answer 23

• organic: changes in chemical balance

- reactive: response to all the things that have happened

Question 24

Prognostic indicators frolllwing TBI

Answer 24

• duration of coma
• duration of ICP
• areas of brain contusion
• location of lobe (frontal lobe=poorer outcome)
• time until med attention received
• length of time PTA (PTA over a day is not good)
• intelligence and drug use pre-injury
• family involvement
• financial resources