cognition and language

Question 1

Frontal and Parietal lobes

Answer 1

• Attention

Question 2

Parietal Lobes

Answer 2

Visuospatial

Question 3

Frontal and Temporal Lobes

Answer 3

Language

Question 4

• Executive function

Answer 4

Frontal Lobes

Question 5

Temporal and Frontal lobes

Answer 5

Memory

Question 6

• Area of cortex between frontal and occipital lobes

Answer 6

parietal lobe

Question 7

Principle regions of parietal lobe

Answer 7

• post-central gyrus • superior parietal lobule • supramarginal gyrus • angular gyrus

Question 8

Processes and integrates somatosensory and visual information

Answer 8

parietal lobe

Question 9

parietal lobes

Answer 9

Processes sensations

and guidance of movement

Question 10

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

Answer 10

• Lesion usually in angular and supramarginal gyri

Left parietal lobe damage

Question 11

• right-left confusion, dysgraphia, dyscalculia

Answer 11

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

Question 12

finger agnosia.

Answer 12

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

Question 13

Right parietal lobe damage

Answer 13

Neglect of contralateral side of body or space

Difficulty making things (constructional apraxia)

Question 14

Denial of deficits (anosagnosia)

Answer 14

Right parietal lobe damage

Question 15

• Sensory Thresholds • Prosopagnosia•

Answer 15

other symptoms of parietal lobes damage

Question 16

• Inability to locate and recognize parts of the body or self

Answer 16

other symptoms of parietal lobes damage

Question 17

• Neglect of visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli on the side of the body opposite to the lesion

Answer 17

Contralateral Neglect

Question 18

defective sensation and perception and

defective attention

Answer 18

cause Contralateral Neglect

Question 19

Temporal Lobe

Answer 19

below the Sylvian fissure and anterior to occipital cortex

Question 20

Temporal lobe

Answer 20

amgydala, limbic cortex, and hippocampus

Question 21

Temporal Lobe

Answer 21

auditory and gustatory areas

Question 22

• Inputs from all sensory modalities, parietal and frontal lobes,

Answer 22

Temporal Lobe

Question 23

input from ventral visual stream, limbic structures and basal ganglia

Answer 23

Temporal Lobe

Question 24

Wernicke’s area

Answer 24

Temporal Lobe

Question 25

Comprehension of language

Answer 25

Wernicke’s area of temporal lobe

Question 26

Processing of auditory input

Answer 26

Primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Question 27

Learning and memory

Answer 27

Hippocampus and Amygdala of Temporal lobe

Question 28

• Lesion in superior temporal gyrus

Answer 28

Wernicke's Aphasia

Question 29

• Comprehension of speech is impaired

Answer 29

• Comprehension of speech is impaired Wernicke's Aphasia

Question 30

Speech is: – fluent but meaningless (word salad) – devoid of any content – neologisms

Answer 30

Wernicke's Aphasia

Question 31

Content ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense

Answer 31

Wernicke's Aphasia

Question 32

The ability to encode, store, retain, recall and recognize information

Answer 32

Memory

Question 33

Memory

Answer 33

duration of memories and formation and retrieval of information

Question 34

Four types of memory based on

Answer 34

duration of retention

Question 35

Sensory memory •

Answer 35

200-500 ms after input is perceived

Question 36

– Working memory •

Answer 36

Focuses on the processing of briefly stored information

Question 37

– Short-term memory •

Answer 37

Holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten

Question 38

Long-term memory •

Answer 38

Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse

Question 39

Three stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:

Answer 39

Encoding storage retrieval

Question 40

• Processing and combining received information

Answer 40

encoding

Question 41

• Creation of a permanent record of the encoded information

Answer 41

storage

Question 42

• Calling back stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity Recognition

Answer 42

Recall

Question 43

Hippocampus

Answer 43

Consolidates memories

Question 44

• Critical structure for explicit memory

Answer 44

hippocampus

Question 45

Hippocampus

Answer 45

Made permanent before stored elsewhere

Question 46

Hippocampus

Answer 46

curved sheet of cortex in the medial temporal lobe

Question 47

Hipocampus

Answer 47

amygdala to the splenium of the corpus callosum

Question 48

Hippocampus

Answer 48

Dentate gyrus Subiculum CA (cornu ammonis) subfields

Question 49

Entorhinal Cortex (EC)

Answer 49

Main input to HC and a target of hippocampal output

Question 50

severe anterograde amnesia

Answer 50

Bilateral removal of the hippocampus; patient was unable to form new memories of facts or events

Question 51

Bilateral removal of the hippocampus

Answer 51

• Past, early memories were intact

Question 52

• Mirror Drawing Task with Case of Patient HM

Answer 52

H.M.ʼs performance does improve on this task BUT Doesnʼt remember ever completing the task

Question 53

A collection of nuclei located at the anterior end of the hippocampus

Answer 53

Amygdala

Question 54

Efferents of amygdala

Answer 54

project to the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus

Question 55

Visceral inputs, particularly olfactory inputs, are especially prominent

Answer 55

to amygdala

Question 56

• Involved in memories of emotional, olfactory and visceral events

Answer 56

Amygdala

Question 57

Amygdala Sends impulses to hypothalamus for activation of the ---- ----- -----

Answer 57

sympathetic nervous system

Question 58

associating sensory stimuli with appropriate emotion response and Also involved in sense of smell

Answer 58

amygdala

Question 60

Stroke in Hippocampus and/or Amygdala

Answer 60

• Profound memory impairments Impaired ability to determine and identify emotional significance of stimuli or events