cognition and language part 1 Flashcards

(61 cards)

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Frontal and Parietal lobes

A

• Attention

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3
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

Visuospatial

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4
Q

Frontal and Temporal Lobes

A

Language

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5
Q

• Executive function

A

Frontal Lobes

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6
Q

Temporal and Frontal lobes

A

Memory

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7
Q

• Area of cortex between frontal and occipital lobes

A

parietal lobe

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8
Q

Principle regions of parietal lobe

A

• post-central gyrus • superior parietal lobule • supramarginal gyrus • angular gyrus

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10
Q

Processes and integrates somatosensory and visual information

A

parietal lobe

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11
Q

parietal lobes

A

Processes sensations

and guidance of movement

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12
Q

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

A

• Lesion usually in angular and supramarginal gyri

Left parietal lobe damage

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13
Q

• right-left confusion, dysgraphia, dyscalculia

A

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

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14
Q

finger agnosia.

A

“Gerstmann’s Syndrome.”

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15
Q

Right parietal lobe damage

A

Neglect of contralateral side of body or space

Difficulty making things (constructional apraxia)

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16
Q

Denial of deficits (anosagnosia)

A

Right parietal lobe damage

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17
Q

• Sensory Thresholds • Prosopagnosia•

A

other symptoms of parietal lobes damage

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18
Q

• Inability to locate and recognize parts of the body or self

A

other symptoms of parietal lobes damage

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19
Q

• Neglect of visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli on the side of the body opposite to the lesion

A

Contralateral Neglect

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20
Q

defective sensation and perception and

defective attention

A

cause Contralateral Neglect

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21
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

below the Sylvian fissure and anterior to occipital cortex

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22
Q

Temporal lobe

A

amgydala, limbic cortex, and hippocampus

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23
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

auditory and gustatory areas

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24
Q

• Inputs from all sensory modalities, parietal and frontal lobes,

A

Temporal Lobe

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25
Q

input from ventral visual stream, limbic structures and basal ganglia

A

Temporal Lobe

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26
Wernicke’s area
Temporal Lobe
27
Comprehension of language
Wernicke’s area of temporal lobe
28
Processing of auditory input
Primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe
29
Learning and memory
Hippocampus and Amygdala of Temporal lobe
30
• Lesion in superior temporal gyrus
Wernicke's Aphasia
31
• Comprehension of speech is impaired
• Comprehension of speech is impaired Wernicke's Aphasia
32
Speech is: – fluent but meaningless (word salad) – devoid of any content – neologisms
Wernicke's Aphasia
33
Content ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense
Wernicke's Aphasia
34
The ability to encode, store, retain, recall and recognize information
Memory
35
Memory
duration of memories and formation and retrieval of information
36
Four types of memory based on
duration of retention
37
Sensory memory •
200-500 ms after input is perceived
38
– Working memory •
Focuses on the processing of briefly stored information
39
– Short-term memory •
Holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
40
Long-term memory •
Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse
41
Three stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:
Encoding storage retrieval
42
• Processing and combining received information
encoding
43
• Creation of a permanent record of the encoded information
storage
44
• Calling back stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity Recognition
Recall
45
Hippocampus
Consolidates memories
46
• Critical structure for explicit memory
hippocampus
47
Hippocampus
Made permanent before stored elsewhere
48
Hippocampus
curved sheet of cortex in the medial temporal lobe
49
Hippocampus
Dentate gyrus Subiculum CA (cornu ammonis) subfields
50
Entorhinal Cortex (EC)
Main input to HC and a target of hippocampal output
51
Hipocampus
amygdala to the splenium of the corpus callosum
54
A collection of nuclei located at the anterior end of the hippocampus
Amygdala
55
severe anterograde amnesia
Bilateral removal of the hippocampus; patient was unable to form new memories of facts or events
56
Bilateral removal of the hippocampus
• Past, early memories were intact
57
• Mirror Drawing Task with Case of Patient HM
H.M.ʼs performance does improve on this task BUT Doesnʼt remember ever completing the task
58
Amygdala Sends impulses to hypothalamus for activation of the ---- ----- -----
sympathetic nervous system
59
associating sensory stimuli with appropriate emotion response and Also involved in sense of smell
amygdala
61
Efferents of amygdala
project to the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus
62
Visceral inputs, particularly olfactory inputs, are especially prominent
to amygdala
63
• Involved in memories of emotional, olfactory and visceral events
Amygdala
66
67
Stroke in Hippocampus and/or Amygdala
• Profound memory impairments Impaired ability to determine and identify emotional significance of stimuli or events