Cognitive Approach 1 - Andrade et al.

Question 1

When was the study done?

Answer 1

2010.

Question 2

What were the two aims of the study?

Answer 2

1. To explore the cognitive effects of doodling.
2. To find out of doodling assists information processing, perhaps by enabling people to attend more effectively, or by enhancing their memory.

Question 3

When was Do & Schallert?

Answer 3

2004

Question 4

What did Do & Schallert discover?

Answer 4

Doodling aids concentration by reducing daydreaming, resulting in better focus.

Question 5

When was Wilson & Korn?

Answer 5

2007

Question 6

What did Wilson & Korn explore?

Answer 6

Whether doodling can maintain arousal by giving you something to do, preventing sleepiness and boredom.

Question 7

Define doodling.

Answer 7

The sketching of patterns and figures that are unrelated to the primary task and must not take cognitive resources away from the intended task.

Question 8

What was the experiment type?

Answer 8

Lab experiment.

Question 9

What was the experiment design?

Answer 9

Independent Measures Design.

Question 10

How many people were in the control group and how many of each gender?

Answer 10

20
18 female
2 male

Question 11

How many people were in the experimental group and how many of each gender?

Answer 11

20
17 female
3 male

Question 12

How many participants were there overall in the sample?

Answer 12

40

Question 13

What ages was the sample?

Answer 13

18 - 55

Question 14

What was the sampling method?

Answer 14

Opportunity sampling.

Question 15

Where were all the participants from?

Answer 15

The medical research council.

Question 16

What had the participants just completed prior to Andrade’s study?

Answer 16

Another study.

Question 17

What was the IV?

Answer 17

Whether or not they doodled.

Question 18

What was the DV?

Answer 18

Memory recall.

Question 19

What did all participants have to listen to?

Answer 19

A dull (fake) phone call about a party that was made deliberately boring.

Question 20

When did the participants either doodle or not doodle?

Answer 20

During the listening task.

Question 21

What were the two tasks the participants had to complete after listening to the phone call?

Answer 21

Monitoring task - people going to the party
Recall task - place names

Question 22

How were the tasks counterbalanced?

Answer 22

Half had to recall place names first and half had to recall partygoers first.

Question 23

What were false alarms?

Answer 23

People mentioned who did not attend the party.

Question 24

How was the final score collected?

Answer 24

No. of correct names - false alarms.

Question 25

How long did the phone call last?

Answer 25

2.5 minutes

Question 26

How fast was the phone call?

Answer 26

227 words per minute

Question 27

What were all the things mentioned in the phone call?

Answer 27

8 people attending the party 3 people not 1 cat 8 place names

Question 28

Describe the sheet that the doodlers could doodle on.

Answer 28

A4 sheet. Alternating rows of squares and circles (10 per row). Wide margin on the left for recording the information.

Question 29

What things were told to be irrelevant to the doodlers about their doodles?

Answer 29

Speed and neatness

Question 30

What sort of paper were the control group given?

Answer 30

Lined paper to write their answers on. They could doodle but none of them did.

Question 31

What happened after the phone call finished?

Answer 31

The experimenter talked to the participant for a minute and apologized for misleading them about the memory test. Then they administered the recall and monitoring tasks.

Question 32

What was the mean number of shaded shapes?

Answer 32

36.3

Question 33

What was the range of shaded shapes?

Answer 33

3-110

Question 34

What was the mean recall of partygoers in the control group and how many false alarms?

Answer 34

7.1 people 5 had a false alarm

Question 35

What was the mean recall of partygoers in the experimental group and how many false alarms?

Answer 35

7.8 people 1 false alarm

Question 36

What was the overall average for places and names recall for the control group?

Answer 36

5.8

Question 37

What was the overall average for places and names recall for the experimental group?

Answer 37

7.5

Question 38

How much more, on average, did the doodlers recall than the non-doodlers?

Answer 38

29%

Question 39

What two explanations are there for why the doodlers performed better on both tasks?

Answer 39

1. The doodlers noticed more of the target words because of an effect on attention 2. Doodling encourages memory directly (possibly by encouraging deeper information processes).

Question 40

What are 8 strengths of this study?

Answer 40

Well controlled extraneous variables due to a well controlled environment Highly standardised High internal validity High reliability Doodling was operationalised Wide variety of ages in sample Good quantitative data Debrief afterwards

Question 41

What are 9 weaknesses of this study?

Answer 41

Low ecological validity Possible participant variables Gender imbalance Not very wide sample (interested in psych and from recruitment panel) Problematic generalisability Risk of demand characteristics Lack of self-reporting Unable to give full consent because of deception Doodling not free form as it is in real life

Question 42

What is a conclusion from Andrade?

Answer 42

Doodling helps concentration on a primary task.