Cognitive approach to treating depression PPO

Question 1

cognitive behavioural therpay CBT

Answer 1

method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques

Question 2

irrational thoughts

Answer 2

thoughts that are likely to interfere with a person’s happiness

Question 3

cognitive elements of CBT

Answer 3

Within an assessment at the beginning of therapy, the therapist establishes goals with the client and a plan on how to reach them. They identify where the irrational thoughts are caused.

Question 4

behavioural elements of CBT

Answer 4

orking to change irrational thoughts and using effective behaviours.

Question 5

Beck’s cognitive therapy

Answer 5

1. Application of negative triad
2. Once irrational thoughts are identified they must be challenged
3. Thoughts are challenged directly and also tested for reality
4. ‘Client as scientist’ is when the client records times they felt happy or people were kind to them
5. In future sessions when the client says no one is nice to them or they hate going to functions the therapist has evidence that they are incorrect

Question 6

Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therpay

Answer 6

• REBT extends ABC model to ABCDE model (d is for dispute and e is for effect)
• Identify and challenge irrational thoughts
• This involves rigorous arguments
• Change belief and break link between negative events and depression
• Different methods for disputing
  → empirical argument: is there any evidence?
  → logical argument: does it follow facts?

Question 7

behavioural activation

Answer 7

• Decreases depressed people’s tendency to avoid people
• Increases their engagement in activities that improve mood

Question 8

evidence for effectiveness

strength

Answer 8

Large body of evidence
* March et al compared CBT to antidepressant drugs when treating 327 teens
* Both groups’s mental health was improved by 81% in 36 weeks
* CBT just as effective
* Only takes 6-12 sessions so cost effective
First choice of treatment in the NHS.

Question 9

relapse rates

limitation

Answer 9

High relapse rates
* Few studies look at long term effectiveness
* Ali et al found that 42% of 439 clients relapsed within 6 months of ending treatments
CBT may need to be repeated periodically

Question 10

suitability for diverse clients and counterpoint

limitation and strength

Answer 10

• Lack of effectiveness for severe cases and clients with learning disabilities
• Sometimes clients aren’t capable of motivating themselves
• Sturmey found that talking therapies are not suitable for people with learning disabilities
• Rational thinking is too complex
  Only appropriate for specific range of people

BUT
Recent evidence challenges this
* Lewis and Lewis found that CBT is just as effective as antidepressants for severe depression
* **Taylor et al **found that if used effectively CBT is useful for people with learning disabilities
CBT may be useful for a wider range of people