cognitive interview MEM

Question 1

Who aimed to improve EWT by having the police use better techniques based on psychological insight on how memory works to conduct CI’s?

Answer 1

Fisher and** Geiselman**

Question 2

4 main techniques

Answer 2

• report everything
• reinstate the context
• reverse the order
• change perspective
• Enhanced cognitive interview ECI

Question 3

report everything

Answer 3

• Include every single detail of event
• Trivial details may be important and trigger other memories

Question 4

reinstate the context

Answer 4

• Witness should return to original crime scene in their head and imagine the environment and their emotions
• Context-dependant forgetting

Question 5

reverse the order

Answer 5

• Events should be recalled in different order
• Prevents people reporting expectations rather than actual events
• Prevents dishonesty

Question 6

change perspective

Answer 6

• Recall from other people’s perspective
• Done to disrupt effect of expectations and schema

Question 7

enhanced cognitive interview ECI

Answer 7

• Additional elements to CI
• Focus on social dynamics
• Reduces witness anxiety and minimises distractions

Question 8

Support for the effrctiveness of the CI and counterpoint

strength and limitation

Answer 8

• Meta analysis
• Kohnken et al
• As well as 55 studies
• 41% increase in accurate information
  The Ci is an effective technique in helping witnesses to recall information that is stored in memory but not immediately accessible.

BUT
* Kohken et al
* Increase in the amount of inaccurate information
* Particular issue in ECI
Police officers should treat witnesses evidence from CI’s with caution

Question 9

some elements may not be useful

limitation

Answer 9

• Milne and bull
• Using a combination of techniques
• Report everything, reinstate the context produced best recall
  Casts some doubt on the credibility of the overall CI

Question 10

time-consuming

limitation

Answer 10

• Need to establish rapport
• Requires special training
• Kebbell and Wagstaff
• Equipment
  CI is not a realistic method and it might be better to focus on just a few key elements.

Question 11

Variations of the CI

Answer 11

• ‘Pick n mix’
• Hard to compare effectiveness
• More flexible