cognitive development Piaget and Vygotsky Flashcards

Question

Does Piaget's theory hold?

Answer 1

* do all children pass through the same stages at the same age? * style of thinking might be applied to different problems at different stages (i.e. not universal) * development doesn't end at 11 years

Answer 2

* it underestimates competence i.e. social and cultural influences/differences

Answer 3

* Education should help children learn how to learn, discovery learning * Listen to children, pay attention to their thinking processes * Set up situations with unexpected consequences, hypothesis testing e.g., what do we think will happen? * Concept of differentiation, materials can be taught at different levels, adjust to match child’s capacities * Individual differences, children develop at different rates

Answer 4

socio-cultural theory of cognitive development

Answer 5

* social interactions with more experienced others (parents, older children) * learning * language

Answer 6

* mediators * elementary mental functions * higher mental functions

Answer 7

psychological tools generated by the social and cultural development context * language * counting * art * writing

Answer 8

biological and emerge spontaneously * basic attention, perception, memory

Answer 9

coordinate cognitive processes, use mediators * volutary attention, intentional remembering, abstract thinking, problem solving

Answer 10

1. sensorimotor = affiliation 2. preoperational = play 3. concrete operational = play 4. formal operational = peers, work, theorising

Answer 11

when a young child provides a running commentary to their own actions and thoughts

Answer 12

a foundation for all higher cognitive processes e.g * sustained attention, memory rehearsal and recall, categorisation, planning and problem-solving & reflection

Answer 13

* reflect on thinking and behaviour * plan appropriate action

Answer 14

used more when tasks are difficult, after errors, or when confused - it helps guide behaviour

Answer 15

Piaget called it 'egocentric speech' and did not think it served as a useful cognitive function

Answer 16

becomes inner speech as thought processes are internalised (7+ years)

Answer 17

better performance on complex tasks

Answer 18

ZPD explains mechanism by which children can perform tasks they cannot do alone when they have suppport expert

Answer 19

it describes how social interactions influences cognitive development

Answer 20

* intersubjectivity * scaffolding * guided participation

Answer 21

process by which two participants start task with different levels of understanding, but finish task with same level

Answer 22

process by which teachers adjust level of instruction to suit child's current level of understanding e.g. by breaking a task down into simpler components

Answer 23

* in less formal teaching situations than those where scaffolding occur - the cultural community * more knowledgeable other can guide bheaviour through joint participation in a task, or in play

Answer 24

* intent community participation * child initiates participation in culturally relevant activity and is supported to make a genuine contribution

Answer 25

* mothers pay more attention to structuring conceptually "difficult" tasks as opposed to conceptually easy ones

Answer 26

* dynamic assessment draws on the principles of the ZPD to look at potential to learn/capacity to learn rather than existing knowledge or skills

Answer 27

* crucial to cognitive and social development * experience of responding to internal ideas, not external stimuli -> self regulation

Answer 28

* focus on language - de-emphasizes other factors, such as observation and other learning methods * underestimates role of nature

Answer 29

* need to do more than arrange an environment conducive to learning * instruction -> internalisation -> learning * imitation -> learning * collaborative learning between peers * use language to organise thinking, dialogue and discussion