Cognitive, Perceptual, Motor, Social and Comm. Bases of Early Language/Speech Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
the brain starts developing in utero by day __
A
18
2
Q
Month __ of pregnancy - all neurons developed
A
6
3
Q
neurons migrate to for specialized areas of function in the brain during months ___-___ in utero
A
4-9
4
Q
rapid synaptic growth at 8-10 months of age is called
A
Synaptogenesis
5
Q
in early brain development, neural networks that are not used are removed in a process called
A
Pruning
6
Q
the organization of the brain is highly influenced by ___
A
experience
7
Q
In the brain, ____ areas are one of the first to mature in early childhood
A
sensory
8
Q
ability to register sensory info is called
A
sensation
9
Q
use of sensory info and previous knowledge to make sense of stimuli
A
Perception
10
Q
muscle mvt and sensory feedback - informs brain of the extent of mvt
A
Motor control
11
Q
mental activities involved in comprehension of info and adaptation to environment
A
Cognition
12
Q
First sense to develop in utero is ___
A
touch
13
Q
middle and inner ears reach adult size by ___ weeks in utero
A
20 weeks
14
Q
We do not know if ____ is activated in utero
A
vision
15
Q
with birth, a baby’s sensory abilities ___
A
don’t really change
16
Q
newborns have a hard time hearing because ___ and __
A
auditory cortex not mature; middle ear filled with fluid
17
Q
for newborns, _____ levels of stimulus tend to work best
A
moderate
18
Q
vocalizations are controlled by this part of the brain for neonates
A
brainstem
19
Q
becoming used to a stimulus and ignoring in order to pay attention to NEW stuff
A
Habituation
20
Q
selective attention starts showing up around
A
2 months
21
Q
when does movement develop in utero?
A
7 weeks
22
Q
when does isolated limb movement first appear in utero?
A
9 weeks
23
Q
when does rotation start in utero?
A
10 weeks
24
Q
most movement coordinations at birth are ___
A
reflexes
25
most reflexes can be manually controlled after year __
1
26
what is rooting?
moving mouth around to find food source
27
what physical action triggers the root reflex?
touching near the mouth/side of the face
28
what physical action triggers the suck reflex?
touching roof of baby's mouth
29
premees can have a week sucking reflex because
sucking doesn't develop in utero til 36 weeks
30
which neonatal reflex is known as the "fencing position"?
tonic neck
31
what physical action triggers the grasp reflex?
touching palm of hand or foot
32
what physical action triggers the step reflex?
holding baby above surface and supporting neck
33
the first sounds babies make are ____
reflexive/automatic
34
in babies, crying happens during ___ and ___, and gradually becomes ___
inhalation; exhalation; longer
35
QRN stands for
quasi-resonant nuclei
36
brief sound made by babies that is not during crying; significant nasality and oral closure, so somewhere between a vowel and a consonant
QRN
37
QRN with closure (complete or mostly) at back of mouth - almost a consonant
gooing
38
when do babies start gooing and cooing?
2 months
39
this completely fills the oral cavity in infants
tongue
40
series of repeated CV combos
babbling
41
when does babbling begin?
5 months
42
strings of CV combos - consonants stay the same
reduplicated babbling
43
babbling where successive syllables not identical - vowels change
variegated babbling
44
PCF stand for
Phonetically Consistent Forms
45
what is a PCF
nonwords that are placeholders for real words
46
first word usually corresponds with this physiological change
improved control and coordination of jaw and tongue
47
NAME THAT MONTH
-responsive to caregiver’s voice and face
-Smiling
-Pre-intentional communication = requires interpretation by caregivers
0-1
48
NAME THAT MONTH - EMOTIONS
Interest, distress, disgust
0-1
49
NAME THAT MONTH
Different response to familiar vs unfamiliar voices
Cooing increases with attention
Speech and engagement
1-2
50
How long does it take for a baby's communication to be intentional? (Doesn't always require interpretation?)
6 months
51
NAME THAT MONTH - EMOTIONS
Joy, fear
1-2 months
52
NAME THAT MONTH
Can visually distinguish between faces
Mirroring caregiver excitement
Stimulus-response sequence (cause-affect)
2-3 months
53
NAME THAT MONTH - EMOTIONS
Anger, sadness, surprise
3-4 months
54
NAME THAT MONTH
Turn-taking
Deliberate imitation of movement of and vocalization
Vocalization of different attitudes
More interest in objects
4-6 months
55
NAME THAT MONTH
More control over infant-caregiver interactions
Distress when caregiver leaves
Imitating simple monster actions (ie wave)
Following pointing
Goal-based communication
7-12
56
infant’s smile in response to external stimulus
Social smile
57
two+ people share common focus on one entity
joint reference
58
gesture made to share information
Protodeclarative
59
gestures made to request something
Protoimperative
60
In this stage of intentionality, the speaker's partner interprets their wants
Perlocutionary
61
In this stage of intentionality, the speaker communicates wants through gestures
Illocutionary
62
In this stage of intentionality, the speaker communicates wants through words
Locutionary
63
The perlocutionary stages lasts this span of months
0-8
64
The illocutionary stage lasts this span of months
8-12
65
The locutionary stage lasts this span of months
12+
66
Six techniques caregivers use to create opportunities for children to learn/participate
1) phasing
2) adaptive
3) facilitative
4) elaborative
5) initiating
6) control
67
CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES
waiting of the opportune moment
phasing
68
CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES
adjusts behavior so easier for child to get (ie slower movements, exaggerated gestures, simple words)
adaptive
69
CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES
makes environment accessible to child either directly (ie carrying kid around) or indirectly (ie puts favorite toys out)
Facilitative
70
CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES
yes-and-ing a child’s interest
Elaborative
71
CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES
pointing and checking to see if the kid has latched to the idea
Initiating
72
CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES
instructing (ie, telling kid to eat)
control
73
4 types of modifications caregivers do to prime child for communication time
1) preparatory
2) state-setting
3) communication framework
4) infantlike modifications of adult actions
74
When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is preparation?
making sure child's basic needs taken care of (hunger, mood, etc)
75
When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is state-setting?
manipulate infant’s environment to optimize interaction (ie gaining attention by coming to kid, making noises)
76
When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is maintaining a communication framework?
keeping kid engaged - modulate speech, use rhythm in speech, bob around
77
When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is infantlike modifications of adult actions?
IDS, baby movements
78
communicative use of interpersonal space
Proxemics
79
Four phases of joint referencing
Mastering
Intention to Communicate
Gestures and Vocalization
Naming and Topicalization
80
delays in joint referencing can be a sign of
autism
81
JOINT REFERENCE
What is common age range a child spends in Mastering?
4 weeks - 6 months
82
JOINT REFERENCE
What is common age range a child spends in Intention to Communicate?
7-8 months
83
JOINT REFERENCE
What is common age range a child spends in Gestures and Vocalization?
8-12 months
84
JOINT REFERENCE
What is common age range a child spends in Naming and Topicalization?
12 months plus
85
JOINT REFERENCE
In the mastering phase, caregiver-child interactions go from __ to __ interactions to responding directly to an ___
face to face; object
86
in the 5-7 month range, conversations between caregivers and children switch between being ___-based to being ___-based
feelings; activity
87
JOINT REFERENCE
In phase two, the child goes from interacting with an object ____ to engaging the caregiver to ___ with the object
alone; assisting
88
JOINT REFERENCE
reaching for an object is also called
reach for real
89
JOINT REFERENCE
reaching for something but expecting assistance
reach for signal
90
JOINT REFERENCE
In phase 3, the child begins to use ___ and ___
pointing; vocalizations
91
vocal interactions between infants and caregivers that lay groundwork for language-based conversations later
Protoconversations
92
which gene is associated with intellectual disabilities and/or autism?
FOXP1
93
which gene is associated with verbal dyspraxia?
FOXP2
94
which gene is associated with specific language impairment (SLI)
CNTNAP2
95
what physical action triggers the phasic bite reflex?
putting pressure on the gums
96
reflex where infant opens and closes jaw w/o lateral mvt
phasic bite
97
non-distress vowel sounds
Cooing
98
imitation of another speaker
Echolalia
99
long strings of nonsense with adult-like prosody and intonation
Jargon
