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Communication Development and Language Science > Language Theories > Flashcards

Language Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a language theory

A

Theoretical views on how and why language is acquired

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2
Q

which person is associated with nativist theory?

A

Noam Chomsky

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3
Q

which person is associated with behavioral theory?

A

B.F. Skinner

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4
Q

which person is associated with cognitivist theory?

A

jean piaget

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5
Q

which person is associated with social constructivist theory?

A

lev vygotsky

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6
Q

what are the 5 primary language development theories?

A

BLICS

1) nativist generative theory
2) interactionalist theory
3) behavioral learning theory
4) cognitivist learning theory
5) social constructivist learning theory

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7
Q

In this learning theory, language acquisition is mostly determined by biology with little environmental impact

A

nativist

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8
Q

in the nativist theory, language acquisition is done via __ __ __

A

Transformational Generative Grammar

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9
Q

What are the three elements of transformational generative grammar?

A

Structures

1) deep structure - universal rules to all languages housed in deep structure
2) transformations - transformational rules used to produce unlimited number of word order rules
3) surface structure - transformations lead here (work order and grammar)

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10
Q

what are five criticisms of nativist theory?

A

1) none of the models explain language acquisition
2) generative theories based on adult grammar, not child grammar
3) there is evidence kids benefit from grammar when learning language
4) there is evidence environment does matter
5) there are industries (SLPs etc) built on the idea that language guidance works

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11
Q

which language theory has deep structure, transformations and surface structure?

A

nativist

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12
Q

which language theory involves a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in the brain?

A

nativist

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13
Q

what are the two branches of interactionalist theory?

A

emergentism and constructionism

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14
Q

what is child-directed speech?

A

the specific way adults speak to children

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15
Q

which theory has child directed speech (CDS)?

A

interactionalist

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16
Q

which branch of interactionalist theory proports that language arises from interaction of existing patterns in brain

A

emergentism

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17
Q

which branch of interactionalist theory focuses on children learning language via pattern-finding?

A

constructionism

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18
Q

what are two criticisms of interactionalist theory?

A

1) language development not fully explained
2) explains individual differences but not similarities in language development across children

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19
Q

According to behavioral theory, what is the difference between language and speech?

A

Language is a verbal environment, speech is verbal behavior

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20
Q

This language theory is all about reinforcement and consequences

A

behavioral

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21
Q

which theory involves chaining?

A

behavioral

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22
Q

in this theory, children are passive learners and instead the environment does the heavy lifting

A

behavioral

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23
Q

the preceding tactics “discriminative, delta and aversive” are hallmarks of the ____ theory

A

behaviorist

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24
Q

in this preceding behaviorist tactic, the caregiver reminds the child about the reinforcement that will follow behavior

A

discriminative

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25
in this preceding behaviorist tactic, the caregiver lays out that reinforcement will not happen if the response is not correct
delta
26
in this preceding behaviorist tactic, the caregiver reminds the child that unpleasant consequences will follow if the right response is not given
aversive
27
in this language theory, language is a performative phenomenon
behaviorist
28
Types of response targets in behaviorist theory
ATIME Autoclitic Tact Intraverbal Mand Echoic
29
In this response target, the caregiver gives repetitions of the word
echoic
30
In this response target, the caregiver helps the child by providing visual representation for a word
tact
31
In this response target, the child makes a demand
mand
32
what are 3 critiques of behaviorist theory?
1) parents aren't always good models 2) imitation doesn't explain generative grammar 3) imitation reduces after two years
33
this theory is less about language acquisition and more about learning in general
cognitivist
34
In this theory, the learner is an active participant, and learning is based on their own interpretation and the meaning they derive from experiences
cognitivist
35
according to this theory, changes in behavior indicate changes within the thought process
cognitivist
36
according to this theory, learning takes place because of stimuli and the following cognitive processing
cognitivist
37
the two main assumptions of the cognitivist theory are:
1) memory is an active and organized processor 2) prior knowledge is important in the role of learning
38
according to this theory, learning is a change in knowledge and behavior
cognitivist
39
this learning theory involves adaptation, organization and equilibrium
cognitivist
40
according to piaget, the two cognitive processes for change are:
adaptation and organization
41
the two subcategories of adaptation are
assimilation accommodation
42
according to cognitivist theory, what is assimilation?
integrating info into existing scheme
43
according to cognitivist theory, what is accommodation?
creating or modifying new schemes
44
according to cognitivist theory, what is organization process?
making processes into systems
45
according to piaget, what is equilibrium?
cognitive balance between incoming info and child's cognitive schemes
46
what are the four developmental stages, according to cognitivist theory?
sensorimotor preoperational concrete operations formal operations
47
according to cognitivist theory, what age range is sensorimotor and what three things does it entail?
0-2 Focused on present egotistical perspective using senses to explore world
48
according to cognitivist theory, what age range is preoperational and what does it entail?
2-7 Rapid language development classify objects based on one feature use representational systems
49
according to cognitivist theory, what age range is concrete operations and what does it entail?
7-11 learning to read and write classify objects using several features can understand numbers having objects on hand still necessary for solving problems
50
according to cognitivist theory, what age range is formal operations and what does it entail
11+ Think via symbols can reason able to think about past, present and future can draw conclusion and make predictions
51
what are two arguments against cognitivist theory?
1) stages of dev aren't exactly right or as fixed 2) doesn't explain role of impact of social learning
52
In this theory, social learning precedes development
social constructivist
53
in this theory, children learn via a more knowledgeable model
social constructivist
54
this language theory proports that language learning is a combination between innate abilities, self-directed exploration, culture and environment
social constructivist
55
this language recognizes that cognitive development can proceed differently between children
social constructivist
56
According to this theory, one of the primary uses of language is to mediate social events
social constructivist
57
this language theory uses the Zone of Proximal Development
social constructivist
58
distance between actual development level and level of of potential development in good social setting
Zone of Proximal Development
59
In the social constructivist theory, caregivers use this method to support the learner with tools, instruction and activities
scaffolding
60
in social constructivist theory, scaffolding is ___ and ___ over time
reduced; disposed of
61
organized patterns used to process sensory info
Schemes
62
which learning theory are schemes associated with
cognitivist
63
According to Piaget, the reason biological and cognitive changes happen is because we are striving for
equilibrium
64
Nativist vs constructionist - whose major focus is language structure?
nativist
65
Nativist vs constructionist - whose major focus is language use?
interactionalist
66
Nativist or constructionist - specific neural structures dedicated to language enable humans to learn, process and use language
nativist
67
Nativist vs constructionist - language form and use result from complex human brains
constructionist
68
Nativist vs constructionist - child learns language by learning specific rules
nativist
69
Nativist vs constructionist - child uses language learning form that best accomplishes their social goals. Figure out rules through repeated use
constructionist
70
Nativist vs constructionist - language is innate and universal language rules exist across languages
nativist
71
Nativist vs constructionist - language universals do not exist
constructionist
72
Nativist vs constructionist - child uses language input to deduce rules
nativist
73
Nativist vs constructionist - child and context have dynamic relationship
constructionist
74
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: knowledge = behavioral responses or changes to environmental stimuli
behaviorism
75
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: knowledge systems = actively constructed by learners based on cognition
cognitivist
76
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: knowledge = constructed through social interactions with knowledge community
social constructivism
77
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: learning = passive absorption; parent repeats and reinforces
behaviorism
78
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: learning = active participant, assimilate and accommodate new info into preexisting schema
cognitive
79
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: learning = collaborative assimilation and accomodation
social constructivism
80
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: motivation for learning = not about learner; reinforcement of desired behavior
behaviorism
81
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: motivation for learning = intrinsic to learner striving for equilibrium
cognitive
82
Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction: motivation for learning = learners have both cognitive and social needs
social constructivism
83
how consequences affect frequency of behavior
operant conditioning
84
in behaviorism, the specific behavior the caregiver wants to change
operant behavior
85
technique behaviorism is known for
operant conditioning

Communication Development and Language Science (14 decks)

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