Cogniton In Action (W9, L3) Flashcards
(13 cards)
What theory focuses on how complex systems evolve over time?
Dynamic systems theory
This theory emphasizes the interplay between various components that are constantly in motion, such as growing bodies and brains.
What are reflexes in newborns?
Babies are born with reflexes that disappear within weeks of birth but can reappear under certain conditions
For example, placing a baby in water can trigger reflexes that seem to have disappeared, indicating they are innate and not lost.
How is balance maintained?
Maintaining balance is an active process requiring constant learning due to cognitive and physical changes
This involves integrating sensory inputs such as visual information, which is more crucial for toddlers, and mechanical information for adults.
What is the role of visual information in balance for toddlers?
Visual information is more important for toddlers
This contrasts with adults, who rely more on mechanical information about their bodies.
What did the study by Held & Hein (1963) demonstrate?
Normal visual motor integration requires motor activity paired with visual input
The study involved cats that were deprived of visual and motor control to assess their responses when treated like normal cats.
Fill in the blank: The process of maintaining balance involves integrating _______ input.
sensory
True or False: Reflexes in infants are permanently lost as they grow.
False
Reflexes can reappear under specific circumstances, indicating they are not truly lost.
What is the main finding of the ‘Sticky mittens’ experiment by Libertus & Needham (2010)?
Using sticky mittens causes reaching behavior to develop faster than children who only watched their parents’ actions.
This experiment highlights the importance of active engagement in motor skill development.
At what age do infants lack skills to engage in extended goal-oriented interactions?
3 months old.
This age marks a developmental stage where infants are still learning to understand intentions.
How do 3 month olds respond to observing a new goal in goal-oriented interactions?
There is no difference in looking time between new path and new goal.
This indicates a lack of understanding of others’ intentions at this age.
What was the outcome for 3 month olds who participated in goal-oriented training using sticky mittens?
They showed surprise when there was a new goal.
This suggests that experience can help infants learn to apply knowledge about goals to others.
Fill in the blank: The ‘Sticky mittens’ experiment suggests that perception and action together at an earlier age cause _______ behavior to develop faster.
reaching
True or False: 3 month olds can understand the goals or intentions of others without any prior experience.
False
