Theories Of Cognnitive Development (W9, L1) Flashcards
(23 cards)
What aspects does cognitive development mostly relate to?
- Problem solving
- Memory
- Metacognition
- Self control
- Attention
These aspects are interconnected and contribute to overall cognitive growth.
What are the characteristics of Piaget’s theory?
- Constructivist
- Domain general
- Stage-Based
Piaget’s theory emphasizes the role of both nature and nurture in cognitive development.
What is the first stage of Piaget’s sensorimotor substages?
Reflex activity: 0-1 months
This stage involves basic reflexes that become more efficient over time.
What happens during the primary circular reactions stage?
1-4 months: Using reflexes to create schema about own body
‘Primary’ refers to the own body, and ‘circular’ indicates repetitive actions.
What is the focus of secondary circular reactions?
4-8 months: Using schema for external objects
‘Secondary’ indicates the focus on objects outside the self.
What occurs during the coordination of secondary schema stage?
9-12 months: Using schemas integrated into fewer more flexible schemas
This stage marks a significant advancement in cognitive flexibility.
What defines tertiary circular reactions?
12-18 months: Learning and playing around with schemas
This involves experimentation to determine the best application of schemas.
What is symbolic thought in Piaget’s theory?
18-24 months: Emerging ability to solve problems
An example includes pulling a tablecloth to reach a toy.
What is the significance of the reflex activity stage in terms of objects?
0-1 months: Can differentiate between self and objects
This differentiation is crucial for later cognitive development.
What is the understanding of objects during the primary circular reactions stage?
1-4 months: Out of sight, out of mind
Infants do not yet search for objects that are not visible.
What happens to understanding of objects in the secondary circular reactions stage?
4-8 months: Partially out of sight, can search for slightly visible items
This shows an early development of object permanence.
What is the A not B test, and at what stage do children fail it?
9-12 months: Will search for non-visible items but fail the ‘A not B’ test
This test assesses object permanence and memory.
What can children do during the tertiary circular reactions stage in terms of object permanence?
12-18 months: Can pass the ‘A not B’ task but fail the ‘invisible displacement’ task
This indicates growing understanding but still limited.
What is the ability to pass the ‘invisible displacement task’ indicative of?
18-24 months: Can pass ‘invisible displacement task’
This reflects advanced cognitive development in understanding object permanence.
What is class inclusion?
Knowledge that is hierarchically organized into class and subclasses
An example is classifying animals into subclasses like cats and dogs.
At what stage do children struggle with class inclusion?
Pre-operational stage: 4-7
They cannot think across class levels and logic.
At what stage can children think across class and use logic?
Concrete operational stage: 9+
This marks a significant cognitive advancement.
What is scientific reasoning in cognitive development?
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning: A form of cognitive problem solving
It involves starting with an idea and deducing implications.
What is Vygotsky’s focus in his theory of cognitive development?
Constructivist, more nurture focused in sociocultural context
Emphasizes the role of social interactions in learning.
What is social constructivism?
People actively create their own understanding of the world through social interactions
This highlights the collaborative nature of learning.
How do cultures contribute to cognitive development according to Vygotsky?
Develop physical tools to accomplish tasks, passed down and refined through generations
Tools can vary significantly between cultures.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
The gap between what a learner can do independently and with guidance
This concept emphasizes the importance of support in learning.
How does Vygotsky’s theory compare to Piaget’s theory?
Vygotsky emphasizes social context and nurture, while Piaget focuses on stages and individual cognitive development
Both theories contribute valuable insights into cognitive development.
