ColRegs Flashcards
How can you take a bearing without a device and decide if there is a risk of colliding with another vessel?
Line up a stanchion or other part of the boat with the approaching vessel. If it is a steady bearing means there is a risk of collision.
Rule 5. What should power and sail boats do?
The power vessel must give way to the sailing vessel.
What is the #5 priority vessel?
A sailing vessel
What is the #2 priority vessel?
Vessel restricted in its ability to manoeuvre. This is because of the nature of the work being carried out, such as dredging or surveying.
Rule 1. What should 2 power-driven vessels in a head on situation do to avoid each other?
Both boats turn to starboard to pass port to port
Rule 2. What should 2 power-driven vessels in a crossing situation do?
The boat that as the other on its starboard side must give way
What is the give-way vessel?
The vessel required to take action
What is the #6 priority vessel?
Power-driven vessels, including sailboats that are motor sailing.
If you are in a narrow channel with a large power-driven vessel, which is the give-way vessel?
You are. You must not impede a ship that has to follow the channel. Keep to the starboard side of the channel or outside the channel if there is sufficient depth.
Rule 4. What should 2 sailing boats on the same tack do?
The windward sailing vessel must give way.
What flag will a vessel constrained by its draught fly?
A black rectangle
Rule 3. What should 2 sailing boats on different tacks do?
The sailing vessel on the port take must give way to the sailing vessel on the starboard tack
What should you take into account when deciding a safe speed?
Visibility
Density of traffic
Depth
Sea conditions
hazards
maneuverability of boat
What flags will a Vessel restricted in its ability to manoeuvre fly?
Vertical Black ball, black diamond, black ball
What is the #3 priority vessel?
Vessel constrained by its draught. This is in relation to the depth of water.
Rule 6. When overtaking a vessel, which vessel should give way?
The vessel doing the overtaking should give way.
Which vessel has top priority over all other vessels?
Vessel not under command. It is unable to comply because of exceptional circumstances, such as steering failure.
What flas will a Vessel engaged in fishing with nets or lines fly?
Two black triangles pointed at each other (like a west cardinal).
What is the stand-on vessel?
The vessel that should maintain its course and speed unless it becomes obvious that the other boat is not giving way correctly, at which point evasive action must be taken.
Action taken to avoid a collision should be…
Positive so that it is visible from the other boat
Taken in good time
Done safely
What flags will a Vessel Not Under Command fly?
2 vertical black balls
What is the #4 priority vessel?
Vessel engaged in fishing with nets or lines so that it cannot deviate from its course.
Is there such thing as right of way on the water?
No. Every skipper has a duty to avoid a collision.
The give way vessel is responsible
To take early and substantial action to keep clear of stand on vessel
Primary purpose of navigation rules
To prevent collisions between vessels
You may depart from nav rules when
It is necessary to avoid a collision
When underway every vessel must proceed at a safe speed and maintain a
Proper lookout
When you act to avoid a collision make your changes in course and speed
Large enough that they are readily seen
A single white light on a vessel means you are seeing
It’s stern light - power vessel less than 12 meters- a vessel under oars
Which vessel is stand on to all others
An overtaken vessel
Lines that mark the boundaries between waters…..
Demarcation lines
In an overtaking situation on inland waters you would never expect the other vessel to sound
One prolonged blast
When in a congested area you should watch your wake because
It can cause personal injury or damage
Side light on the starboard side of a vessel is always
Green
The stern light is always
White
To be environmentally responsible an courteous you should
Run your boat at slow speed when close to shore
5 or more short blasts
Danger
Signal to give in a head on crossing or over taking situation is when you pass another boat on your port side is almost always
1 short blast
At anchor in restricted visibility and in open water ring your bell rapidly for 5 seconds at intervals of no more than
1 minute
Basic configuration of lights for power less than 20 meters is
Side lights, stern light and masthead light
Nav rules “right of way” applies to a vessel that is
Down bound in a narrow channel or fairway with a following current
If overtaking you remain an overtaking vessel until
You are past and clear
If you see both side lights of another vessel
Head on meeting situation
Inland meeting sound signals announce
Action you intend to take
When in unfamiliar channel you should
Obtain local knowledge
In a crossing situation the give way vessel
Turns starboard and passes astern of the stand on vessel
In a narrow channel at the entrance to a harbor which vessel has priority
Deep draft freighter
What is a sailing vessels tack
The side of the sailing vessel that the boom isn’t on is defined as the tack of the vessel
Why are port and starboard used instead of left and right
left and right depends if the person is facing forwards or aft, whereas port and starboard is consistent as it is based on the vessel itself
When two vessels are meeting, who should give way, the port tack or starboard tack
the port tack should give way, whereas the starboard tack is the stand-on vessel
Why should you run on a starboard tack
so that in a close quarters situation is, you are the stand-on the vessel and can keep your course
when would a sailing vessel on a starboard tack have to give way
either to a constrained vessel, or when overtaking another sailing vessel.
If you are the stand-on vessel what responsibility do you have
You must still act to avoid a collision if you think one is likely to occur
if you cannot determine the tack of a vessel, what should you assume
that it is on starboard and to give way
What vessels do sailing boats need to give way to
fishing or trawling vessels, ships with restricted ability to manoeuvre, vessels not under command, minesweeping vessels, vessels towing, or other vessels constrained by draught.
What boats must give way to sailing vessels
Motor vessels not engaged in commercial activity
What is a gybe
when the wind gets behind a sail while running downwind, causing the boom to quickly swing to the other side of the boat
what are the dangers of a gybe
can cause concussions from hitting the boom
can cause damage to the boat from sudden force from the sail changing sides
When giving way, what is a big enough change of course
a change in course should during the day show a different aspect of the boat, or at night a different combination of lights.
When motor sailing, what is the right of way
when motor sailing, the sailing boat is classed a motorboat and must give way to all vessels
if a sailing vessel is overtaking a motor vessel, who has right of way
the motor vessel. the overtaking vessel always have to give way
How many rules are there?
38 rules and 4 annexes
What is rule 7?
Risk of Collision
How can you determine if a risk of collision exists?
The bearing from vessel A to vessel B should be changing appreciably, if not there is a risk of collision
What side should vessels be in narrow channels?
Starboard (Right is right)
True or False?
Small craft should generally avoid Traffic Separation schemes
True
What does TSS stand for?
Traffic Separation Schemes
True or False?
Sailing vessels with wind on Starboard are obliged to keep out of the way of the oncoming vessel
False
Sailing vessels with wind on Portside is obliged to keep out of the way of the oncoming vessel. If both vessels have wind on Portside, the vessel closer to the wind keeps clear
When power driven vessels are passing each other, in which direction should they alter their course to pass one another?
Starboard so the two vessels pass Portside to Portside
True or False?
For power driven vessels, the vessel with the other vessel on its starboard side is the one who should keep clear
True
True or False?
Sailing vessels should keep clear of power driven vessels
False
Power driven vessels should keep clear of sailing vessels
What colour is Portside?
Red (port is red)
What colour is Starboard?
Green (Right has same number of letters as green)
How many lights must vessels over 50m show when anchored?
Two white lights - the aft being lower than the forward
Name three signals that can be used to indicate distress and need of assistance?
A gun or explosive signal fired every minute
Continual sounding of fog horn
Rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals
A Mayday call
An SOS Morse code call
A smoke signal giving off an orange colour
And a few more…
What is Rule 5?
Keep a good lookout
What is Rule 6?
Proceed at a safe speed
How are the Collision Regulations grouped, and when were they adopted?
Adopted in 1972, in force in 1977 - 6 Parts, 41 rules, and 4 Annexes: IMO breaks the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS/IRPCS) down as follows:
Part A General: Rules 1 to 3
Part B Steering and Sailing: Rules 4 to 19
- Section i - Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility (Rules 4 - 10)
- Section ii - Conduct of vessels in sight of one another (Rules 11-18)
- Section iii - Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility (Rule 19)
Part C Lights and Shapes: Rules (20 to 31)
Part D Sound and Light Signals (Rules 32 to 37)
Part E Exemptions (Rule 38)
Part F Verification of compliance with the provisions of the Convention
Rule 39 Provides Definitions
Rule 40 Says that Contracting Parties shall use the provisions of the Code for Implementation in the execution of their obligations and responsibilities contained in the present Convention.
Rule 41 on Verification of compliance says that every Contracting Party is subject to periodic audits by IMO.
The COLREGS include Four Annexes:
I: Positioning & technical detail of lights & shapes
II: Additional signals for Fishing Vessels Fishing in Close Proximity
III: Technical Details of Sound Signal Appliances
IV: Distress Signals , indicating distress and need of assistance (15)
To whom do the rules of the Regulations apply? Quote which rule too.
Rule 1: To all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
However there are other rules in addition to these rules, such as special rules, also known as local bylaws.
Where can you expect special rules and where can you find information on them?
In specific areas made by an appropriate authority - information to be found in pilot books, Sailing Directions
For which ships can a government require additional station and/or signal lights?
Vessels that cannot comply with the rules regarding the positioning of navigation lights, e.g.;
Certain support vessels
Heavy cargo ships
Aircraft carriers
Submarines
Where do you find most important additional lights, day marks and signals?
Annex 1 & 2 other than Part C of Colregs
When is it possible to get dispensation for the rules concerning the use of lights, day marks, whistle signals, etc.?
When the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of the Rules with respect to Part C, D, and E of the Colregs.
Which authority can adopt a traffic separation scheme?
The “Organisation” - IMO, for the purpose of the Rules in Colregs.
Parts of Rule 2?
“Responsibility”:
A) Nothing shall exonerate any vessel, the owner, or master of crew thereof, from consequence of any neglect to comply with the Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practise of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
B) In complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
ie:
A) Nothing exonerates anyone from consequences of neglect to comply with rules, or neglecting precautions that may be required by ordinary practise, or by special circumstances.
B) In the interest of safety in an exceptional situation, Rule 2(b) gives us freedom to avoid a collision and minimise damage by departing from the rules if needed. Due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including limitations of vessels, which may require departure of rules.. etc
Which two dangers, which justify the application of rule 2 (b), are mentioned in Rule 2 (b)?
Dangers of navigation and collision, & any special circumstances that include the limitations of the vessels involved.
Do only the dangers mentioned in rule 2 (b) restrict the application of this Rule?
No, seafarers are also expected to take into account recommendations given in Notices to Mariners and other official publications, e.g. Action taken in accordance with the advice to avoid a squadron or convoy on the port bow would not be a departure from the Rules if executed at a long range before risk of collision begins to apply.
Rule 3: Define “ship”
Also “vessel”: Every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft, WIG craft, and seaplanes used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
E.g. hydrofoils, hovercraft, WIG vessels
Rule 3: Define “Power-driven vessel”
Any vessel propelled by machinery.
Three categories are not treated as power-driven even if they are propelled by machinery:
1) Vessels NUC when not making way through water
2) Vessels RAM when not making way through water
3) Vessels engaged in fishery that are RAM, when not making way through water
Rule 3: Define “Sailing vessel”
Any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
Rule 3: Define “Vessel engaged in fishing”
Any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.
Rule 3: Define “Seaplane”
Any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.
Rule 3: Define “Vessel not under command”, also name lights and sound signals.
Rule 3: Define “Underway”
A vessel which is not at anchor (or if anchor drags, is not holding), not made fast to the shore, and is not aground.
Rule 3: Define “Length and breadth overall”
Length overall and greatest breadth.
Rule 3: When shall vessels be deemed to be in sight of one another?
When one can be observed visually from the other.
Rule 3: Define “Restricted visibility”
Any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sand storms, or any other similar causes.
Rule 3: Define “Wing-in-ground (WIG) craft”.
A multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by using surface-effect action.
Rule 4
Section 1 of Colregs (Rules 4 to 10)
“Application”: Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.
Thus: in clear visibility or restricted visibility