ColRegs Flashcards
(248 cards)
1
Q
How can you take a bearing without a device and decide if there is a risk of colliding with another vessel?
A
Line up a stanchion or other part of the boat with the approaching vessel. If it is a steady bearing means there is a risk of collision.
2
Q
Rule 5. What should power and sail boats do?
A
The power vessel must give way to the sailing vessel.
3
Q
What is the #5 priority vessel?
A
A sailing vessel
4
Q
What is the #2 priority vessel?
A
Vessel restricted in its ability to manoeuvre. This is because of the nature of the work being carried out, such as dredging or surveying.
5
Q
Rule 1. What should 2 power-driven vessels in a head on situation do to avoid each other?
A
Both boats turn to starboard to pass port to port
6
Q
Rule 2. What should 2 power-driven vessels in a crossing situation do?
A
The boat that as the other on its starboard side must give way
7
Q
What is the give-way vessel?
A
The vessel required to take action
8
Q
What is the #6 priority vessel?
A
Power-driven vessels, including sailboats that are motor sailing.
9
Q
If you are in a narrow channel with a large power-driven vessel, which is the give-way vessel?
A
You are. You must not impede a ship that has to follow the channel. Keep to the starboard side of the channel or outside the channel if there is sufficient depth.
10
Q
Rule 4. What should 2 sailing boats on the same tack do?
A
The windward sailing vessel must give way.
11
Q
What flag will a vessel constrained by its draught fly?
A
A black rectangle
12
Q
Rule 3. What should 2 sailing boats on different tacks do?
A
The sailing vessel on the port take must give way to the sailing vessel on the starboard tack
13
Q
What should you take into account when deciding a safe speed?
A
Visibility
Density of traffic
Depth
Sea conditions
hazards
maneuverability of boat
14
Q
What flags will a Vessel restricted in its ability to manoeuvre fly?
A
Vertical Black ball, black diamond, black ball
15
Q
What is the #3 priority vessel?
A
Vessel constrained by its draught. This is in relation to the depth of water.
16
Q
Rule 6. When overtaking a vessel, which vessel should give way?
A
The vessel doing the overtaking should give way.
17
Q
Which vessel has top priority over all other vessels?
A
Vessel not under command. It is unable to comply because of exceptional circumstances, such as steering failure.
18
Q
What flas will a Vessel engaged in fishing with nets or lines fly?
A
Two black triangles pointed at each other (like a west cardinal).
19
Q
What is the stand-on vessel?
A
The vessel that should maintain its course and speed unless it becomes obvious that the other boat is not giving way correctly, at which point evasive action must be taken.
20
Q
Action taken to avoid a collision should be…
A
Positive so that it is visible from the other boat
Taken in good time
Done safely
21
Q
What flags will a Vessel Not Under Command fly?
A
2 vertical black balls
22
Q
What is the #4 priority vessel?
A
Vessel engaged in fishing with nets or lines so that it cannot deviate from its course.
23
Q
Is there such thing as right of way on the water?
A
No. Every skipper has a duty to avoid a collision.
24
Q
The give way vessel is responsible
A
To take early and substantial action to keep clear of stand on vessel
25
Primary purpose of navigation rules
To prevent collisions between vessels
26
You may depart from nav rules when
It is necessary to avoid a collision
27
When underway every vessel must proceed at a safe speed and maintain a
Proper lookout
28
When you act to avoid a collision make your changes in course and speed
Large enough that they are readily seen
29
A single white light on a vessel means you are seeing
It's stern light - power vessel less than 12 meters- a vessel under oars
30
Which vessel is stand on to all others
An overtaken vessel
31
Lines that mark the boundaries between waters.....
Demarcation lines
32
In an overtaking situation on inland waters you would never expect the other vessel to sound
One prolonged blast
33
When in a congested area you should watch your wake because
It can cause personal injury or damage
34
Side light on the starboard side of a vessel is always
Green
35
The stern light is always
White
36
To be environmentally responsible an courteous you should
Run your boat at slow speed when close to shore
37
5 or more short blasts
Danger
38
Signal to give in a head on crossing or over taking situation is when you pass another boat on your port side is almost always
1 short blast
39
At anchor in restricted visibility and in open water ring your bell rapidly for 5 seconds at intervals of no more than
1 minute
40
Basic configuration of lights for power less than 20 meters is
Side lights, stern light and masthead light
41
Nav rules "right of way" applies to a vessel that is
Down bound in a narrow channel or fairway with a following current
42
If overtaking you remain an overtaking vessel until
You are past and clear
43
If you see both side lights of another vessel
Head on meeting situation
44
Inland meeting sound signals announce
Action you intend to take
45
When in unfamiliar channel you should
Obtain local knowledge
46
In a crossing situation the give way vessel
Turns starboard and passes astern of the stand on vessel
47
In a narrow channel at the entrance to a harbor which vessel has priority
Deep draft freighter
48
What is a sailing vessels tack
The side of the sailing vessel that the boom isn't on is defined as the tack of the vessel
49
Why are port and starboard used instead of left and right
left and right depends if the person is facing forwards or aft, whereas port and starboard is consistent as it is based on the vessel itself
50
When two vessels are meeting, who should give way, the port tack or starboard tack
the port tack should give way, whereas the starboard tack is the stand-on vessel
51
Why should you run on a starboard tack
so that in a close quarters situation is, you are the stand-on the vessel and can keep your course
52
when would a sailing vessel on a starboard tack have to give way
either to a constrained vessel, or when overtaking another sailing vessel.
53
If you are the stand-on vessel what responsibility do you have
You must still act to avoid a collision if you think one is likely to occur
54
if you cannot determine the tack of a vessel, what should you assume
that it is on starboard and to give way
55
What vessels do sailing boats need to give way to
fishing or trawling vessels, ships with restricted ability to manoeuvre, vessels not under command, minesweeping vessels, vessels towing, or other vessels constrained by draught.
56
What boats must give way to sailing vessels
Motor vessels not engaged in commercial activity
57
What is a gybe
when the wind gets behind a sail while running downwind, causing the boom to quickly swing to the other side of the boat
58
what are the dangers of a gybe
can cause concussions from hitting the boom
can cause damage to the boat from sudden force from the sail changing sides
59
When giving way, what is a big enough change of course
a change in course should during the day show a different aspect of the boat, or at night a different combination of lights.
60
When motor sailing, what is the right of way
when motor sailing, the sailing boat is classed a motorboat and must give way to all vessels
61
if a sailing vessel is overtaking a motor vessel, who has right of way
the motor vessel. the overtaking vessel always have to give way
62
How many rules are there?
38 rules and 4 annexes
63
What is rule 7?
Risk of Collision
64
How can you determine if a risk of collision exists?
The bearing from vessel A to vessel B should be changing appreciably, if not there is a risk of collision
65
What side should vessels be in narrow channels?
Starboard (Right is right)
66
True or False?
Small craft should generally avoid Traffic Separation schemes
True
67
What does TSS stand for?
Traffic Separation Schemes
68
True or False?
Sailing vessels with wind on Starboard are obliged to keep out of the way of the oncoming vessel
False
Sailing vessels with wind on Portside is obliged to keep out of the way of the oncoming vessel. If both vessels have wind on Portside, the vessel closer to the wind keeps clear
69
When power driven vessels are passing each other, in which direction should they alter their course to pass one another?
Starboard so the two vessels pass Portside to Portside
70
True or False?
For power driven vessels, the vessel with the other vessel on its starboard side is the one who should keep clear
True
71
True or False?
Sailing vessels should keep clear of power driven vessels
False
Power driven vessels should keep clear of sailing vessels
72
What colour is Portside?
Red (port is red)
73
What colour is Starboard?
Green (Right has same number of letters as green)
74
How many lights must vessels over 50m show when anchored?
Two white lights - the aft being lower than the forward
75
Name three signals that can be used to indicate distress and need of assistance?
A gun or explosive signal fired every minute
Continual sounding of fog horn
Rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals
A Mayday call
An SOS Morse code call
A smoke signal giving off an orange colour
And a few more...
76
What is Rule 5?
Keep a good lookout
77
What is Rule 6?
Proceed at a safe speed
78
How are the Collision Regulations grouped, and when were they adopted?
Adopted in 1972, in force in 1977 - 6 Parts, 41 rules, and 4 Annexes: IMO breaks the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS/IRPCS) down as follows:
Part A General: Rules 1 to 3
Part B Steering and Sailing: Rules 4 to 19
- Section i - Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility (Rules 4 - 10)
- Section ii - Conduct of vessels in sight of one another (Rules 11-18)
- Section iii - Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility (Rule 19)
Part C Lights and Shapes: Rules (20 to 31)
Part D Sound and Light Signals (Rules 32 to 37)
Part E Exemptions (Rule 38)
Part F Verification of compliance with the provisions of the Convention
Rule 39 Provides Definitions
Rule 40 Says that Contracting Parties shall use the provisions of the Code for Implementation in the execution of their obligations and responsibilities contained in the present Convention.
Rule 41 on Verification of compliance says that every Contracting Party is subject to periodic audits by IMO.
The COLREGS include Four Annexes:
I: Positioning & technical detail of lights & shapes
II: Additional signals for Fishing Vessels Fishing in Close Proximity
III: Technical Details of Sound Signal Appliances
IV: Distress Signals , indicating distress and need of assistance (15)
79
To whom do the rules of the Regulations apply? Quote which rule too.
Rule 1: To all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
However there are other rules in addition to these rules, such as special rules, also known as local bylaws.
80
Where can you expect special rules and where can you find information on them?
In specific areas made by an appropriate authority - information to be found in pilot books, Sailing Directions
81
For which ships can a government require additional station and/or signal lights?
Vessels that cannot comply with the rules regarding the positioning of navigation lights, e.g.;
Certain support vessels
Heavy cargo ships
Aircraft carriers
Submarines
82
Where do you find most important additional lights, day marks and signals?
Annex 1 & 2 other than Part C of Colregs
83
When is it possible to get dispensation for the rules concerning the use of lights, day marks, whistle signals, etc.?
When the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of the Rules with respect to Part C, D, and E of the Colregs.
84
Which authority can adopt a traffic separation scheme?
The “Organisation” - IMO, for the purpose of the Rules in Colregs.
85
Parts of Rule 2?
“Responsibility”:
A) Nothing shall exonerate any vessel, the owner, or master of crew thereof, from consequence of any neglect to comply with the Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practise of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
B) In complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
ie:
A) Nothing exonerates anyone from consequences of neglect to comply with rules, or neglecting precautions that may be required by ordinary practise, or by special circumstances.
B) In the interest of safety in an exceptional situation, Rule 2(b) gives us freedom to avoid a collision and minimise damage by departing from the rules if needed. Due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including limitations of vessels, which may require departure of rules.. etc
86
Which two dangers, which justify the application of rule 2 (b), are mentioned in Rule 2 (b)?
Dangers of navigation and collision, & any special circumstances that include the limitations of the vessels involved.
87
Do only the dangers mentioned in rule 2 (b) restrict the application of this Rule?
No, seafarers are also expected to take into account recommendations given in Notices to Mariners and other official publications, e.g. Action taken in accordance with the advice to avoid a squadron or convoy on the port bow would not be a departure from the Rules if executed at a long range before risk of collision begins to apply.
88
Rule 3: Define “ship”
Also “vessel”: Every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft, WIG craft, and seaplanes used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
E.g. hydrofoils, hovercraft, WIG vessels
89
Rule 3: Define “Power-driven vessel”
Any vessel propelled by machinery.
Three categories are not treated as power-driven even if they are propelled by machinery:
1) Vessels NUC when not making way through water
2) Vessels RAM when not making way through water
3) Vessels engaged in fishery that are RAM, when not making way through water
90
Rule 3: Define “Sailing vessel”
Any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
91
Rule 3: Define “Vessel engaged in fishing”
Any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.
92
Rule 3: Define “Seaplane”
Any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.
93
Rule 3: Define “Vessel not under command”, also name lights and sound signals.
94
Rule 3: Define “Underway”
A vessel which is not at anchor (or if anchor drags, is not holding), not made fast to the shore, and is not aground.
95
Rule 3: Define “Length and breadth overall”
Length overall and greatest breadth.
96
Rule 3: When shall vessels be deemed to be in sight of one another?
When one can be observed visually from the other.
97
Rule 3: Define “Restricted visibility”
Any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sand storms, or any other similar causes.
98
Rule 3: Define “Wing-in-ground (WIG) craft”.
A multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by using surface-effect action.
99
Rule 4
Section 1 of Colregs (Rules 4 to 10)
“Application”: Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.
Thus: in clear visibility or restricted visibility
100
Rule 5
Look-out
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
MGN 315 (M) Keeping a safe navigational watch on merchant vessels
101
Can full speed be a safe speed
Yes, even in restricted visibility, especially on the high seas, in most traffic separation schemes and on fairways that are considered fundamentally safe. Providing a vessel is using radar and AIS in the right way it can be a safe speed under most conditions.
102
Rule 6
Safe Speed
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
103
Which factors do you take into consideration when determining safe speed?
A) All vessel:
I) state of visibility
II) traffic density including the concentration of fishing vessels or any other vessels
III) manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions
IV) at night, the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights
V) state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards
VI) draught in relation to the available depth of water
B) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:
I) characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the Radar equipment
II) constraints imposed by the Radar range scale in use
III) effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference
IV) possibility that small vessels , ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range
V) number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar
VI) more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
104
Rule 7
Risk of Collision
A) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.
i.e. sight, hearing, all available means/equipment on the bridge.
B) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning and Radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.
C) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.
D) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:
i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;
ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.
105
Which requirements have to be met to avoid a collision?
- Actions to avoid collision have to be in accordance with rule 8
- Be positive (easily seen and effective)
- Made in ample time
- Due regard to the observance of good seamanship
106
What is a rule of thumb concerning the alteration of course as a means to avoid a collision?
Alterations of course should be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar, avoiding a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed.
107
In which ways can you give way to another vessel?
Slow down (possibly come all the way off, or reverse means of propulsion), Parallel their course and allow them to pass at safe distance (effectiveness to be checked until the other vessel is finally passed and clear)
108
Which obligation remains, even after giving way to another vessel?
Keep out of the way.
109
Where is impeding mentioned in the Colregs?
- Rule 9b, 9c and 9d
- Rule 10i and 10j
- Rule 18d (i)
110
How do you define a fairway or narrow channel?
The OOW decides if he is sailing in a narrow channel or not. Factors taken into consideration are;
- That you may be in a narrow channel based on buoyage
- The width of the navigable fairway. (Navigable is a different concept for different types of vessels)
- The draught and the manoeuvrability of the vessel are important with respect to a fairway
A traffic separation scheme is not a narrow channel and is subject to rule 10.
111
A vessel sailing in a narrow channel gets hit by a vessel crossing the channel, what must he be able to prove?
- That he was not able to leave the channel, due to his draught
- that he could not slow down (i.e. because of a strong current or vessels following him).
NB: Rule 9 overrides rule 18
112
Maximum angle at which to join or leave the traffic separation?
20 degrees
113
Which vessels are exempted from complying with Rule 10?
k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme, to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
114
When may a vessel use inshore traffic zones?
Rule 10:
i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20m in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
ii) A vessel may also use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.
Summary:
- Vessels less than 20m in length
- Sailing vessels
- Vessels engaged in fishing
- Vessel en route to or from port, offshore installation or structure
- Vessel en route to pilot station or or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone
- To avoid immediate danger
115
When is a vessel deemed to be overtaking another vessel?
Rule 13 (b):
A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees a aft her beam, in such a position that at night she would be able to see only the stern light of that vessel but neither of her side lights.
116
Rule 13
Overtaking
a) Not withstanding any rules contained in Part B, Sections i and ii, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees a aft her beam, in such a position that at night she would be able to see only the stern light of that vessel but neither of her side lights.
c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
d) Any overtaking vessel shall not become a crossing vessel in any subsequent alterations of bearing or manoeuvres within the meaning of these rules - or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
Summary:
a) Keep out of way of a vertalen vessel
b) More than 22.5 degrees abaft beam and only seeing stern light not side lights
c) When in doubt, assume you are overtaking, act accordingly
d) Overtaking vessel never becomes crossing vessel subsequently, or relieve of duty to keep clear
117
What is the IMO?
The IMO is a body empowered by the UN to actively develop maritime safety regulations and protect the maritime environment. Based in London, IMO has 174 Member States and three Associate Members.
118
What is an M-notice? Who publishes them?
Notices publicised by the MCA to the shipping industry regarding important safety, pollution prevention, and other relevant information.
119
What is an MSN and what is it used for?
Merchant Shipping Notice:
Convey mandatory information that must be complied with under UK legislation. They relate to Statutory Instruments and contain the technical detail of such regulations, printed on white paper.
120
What is an MGN?
Marine Guidance Note:
Give significant advice and guidance relating to the improvement of the safety of shipping and of life at sea and to prevent or minimise pollution from shipping, printed on blue paper.
121
What is a MIN?
Marine Information Notice:
More limited audience, e.g. training establishments or equipment manufacturers, or contain information that will only be of use for a short period of time, such as time tables for MCA exams, printed on green paper.
122
IALA B countries
Countries of American Influence sir.
North America, South America, Central America, Caribbean, Philippines, Korea, Japan
123
What sequence wil you describe a vessel to the master as lookout?
Type What do you see?
Length How big is it?
Aspect Aspect
Special circumstances Work in progress
Under way Moving or not?
Making way Propelled?
124
125
126
Rule 10
MGN 364 (M + F)
127
Quote Rule 16 verbatim.
128
129
130
131
132
In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed: a white all-round light, 3 miles.
133
134
Audible Ranges
135
ANNEX IV DISTRESS SIGNALS:
1. What are the IRCPS listed distress signals?
136
List the contents of a SOLAS life-raft.
LSA Code.
137
Discuss how you would conduct a radio distress call procedure.
138
Can you list the certificates to be carried onboard a commercial vessel over 500GT?
139
140
141
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143
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149
150
151
152
Uses include the marking of: CROFTS
- Cables or pipelines
- Recreational zones
- ODAS buoys (Ocean Data Acquisition System) group flashing 5 every 20 seconds, FL(5)20s
- Firing military exercise zones
- TSS’s where use of conventional channel marking might cause confusion
- Spoil grounds
- Also used to define a channel within a channel
153
Retroreflectors red over wight vertical or red over white horizontal.
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
This is a Port Hand Special Marker, marker placed to port of special area, with general direction of buoyage thus alter to port for this buoy.
Top mark of all special marks is a yellow X.
4 Different Shapes of these Buoys:
- Spar Buoy
- Conical
- Cylindrical
- Pillar
- Spherical
- Regular Type A buoy
- Port hand special mark (lateral special mark) going WITH direction of buoys, placed port side of special area thus alter to port to avoid
- Starboard hand special mark (lateral special mark) going WITH direction of buoys, placed starboard side of special area thus alter to starboard to avoid
Retroreflector:
One Yellow Band
CROMTS:
- Channel within Channel (Perhaps a deep water channel)
- Recreation zones
- ODAS buoys/Outfall (group flash 5 every 20s) “Ocean Danger Acquisition Systems” Meteorological buoys gather info about wind speed, pressure, salinity, temperature)
- Military exercise zones
- TSS where use of conventional channel marking might cause confusion
- Spoil grounds (avoid anchoring there)
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180
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196
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Rule 20
201
Rule 23
202
What’s Rule 24?
203
Rule 25
204
Rule 26
205
Rule 27 NUC & RAM light characteristics.
206
RULE 27 NUC & RAM
207
RULE 27 NUC & RAM
208
Rule 27 NUC & RAM
209
RULE 27 NUC & RAM
210
RULE 28
CBD
211
RULE 29
PILOT VESSEL
212
RULE 30
ANCHORED VESSELS AND VESSEL AGROUND
213
RULE 30
VESSELS AT ANCHOR AND VESSEL AGROUND
214
RULE 32:
1. Define “whistle”.
2. Define “short blast”
3. Define “prolonged blast”
4. Define interspace duration.
1. ANY sound signalling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex III to these Regulations.
2. A blast of about 1 second’s duration.
3. A blast of 4 to 6 second’s duration.
4. Approximately 1 second.
215
RULE 34
216
RULE 35
SOUND SIGNALS IN RESTRICTED VISIBILITY
217
DAY SHAPE DIAMETER AND DISTANCES
218
COLREGS ANNEX II
219
ADDITIONAL SIGNALS FOR FISHING VESSELS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
220
ADDITIONAL SIGNALS FOR FISHING VESSELS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
221
ADDITIONAL SIGNALS FOR FISHING VESSELS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
222
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF SOUND SIGNALLING APPLIANCES
223
CHART PROJECTIONS
224
PROCEDURE TO USE GNOMIC AND MERCATOR CHARTS FOR GREAT CIRCLE SAILING PART 1
225
PROCEDURE TO USE GNOMIC AND MERCATOR CHARTS FOR GREAT CIRCLE SAILING PART 2
226
Describe in short how to correct charts and publications?
227
CHART OBJECTS APPRECIATION
228
CHART OBJECTS APPRECIATION
229
Receiving the signal “YG” by whatever means tells you what?
See MGN 364 (M + F)
You appear not to be complying with the TSS
230
Pneumonic for assessment of safe speed when using radar.
CHARLIE: Limitations, efficiency, characteristics of radars in use.
CARR: Constraints imposed by radar range scale in use.
EATS: Effect on radar detection of sea state, weather and other sources of interference.
PIE: Possibility of small vessels, ice, and floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range.
NO: Number, location, and movement of vessels detected by radar.
MORE: More accurate appraisal that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
231
On which side do you generally pass a safe water mark?
Port side, thus alter to starboard to pass.
232
Sound signal for Morse Code A (Diver Down)?
1 Short 1 Prolonged
233
As a power driven vessel you are stopped in the water but underway and have a vessel crossing from your starboard beam, your engines are out of gear. Who has right of way?
She does, a power driven vessel which is stopped underway must, unless she is not under command, or RAM, keep out of the way of another vessel which approaches so as to involve risk of collision from any direction between right ahead and 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on her starboard side. The approaching ship must not be expected to take avoiding action. A vessel lying stopped with her engines ready for manoeuvre is not entitled to show any special lights or shapes to indicate that she is privileged and must comply with rules 14, 15, and 18.
234
You are underway as a power driven vessel and have a NUC comes up from astern, who is give way?
NUC, Rule 13 overrides all other rules in section 1 and 2, therefore the NUC must keep clear.
235
Name all power driven vessels, if risk of collision exists with these, what action do you take?
- Tug and tow
- Power driven
- CBD
Avoid an alteration of course to port for a power driven vessel, thus alter to starboard, or slow down or stop.
236
TSS, who should avoid impeding you as a power driven vessel?
- Sailing vessels
- Vessel less than 20 meters in length
- Fishing vessel should not impede ALL vessels, not just power driven.
237
In IRCPS it states that a power driven vessel shall not turn to port in which rules?
14, 15, and 17.
238
What is;
1. Occulting?
2. Morse code A?
3. Isophase?
1. More light than dark
2. One short and one prolonged
3. Equal periods of light and dark
239
FR means what on a chart?
Fixed Red
240
Does a dead reckon include leeway?
No, only speed through water and heading.
241
Describe your recommendation for radar setup?
In order to use the radar for collision avoidance specifically, set up:
- Relative motion: Own vessel will show no trail, this targets will show relative trails
- North Up/Course Up: Both are gyro stabilised displays, as our own ships heading moves or changes, because our heading is stabilised to gyro, targets around us will not move around as we yaw. It allows ARPA the required 3 minutes of steady state tracking to give us accurate results.
- Sea stabilised: fixed objects will show true vectors, as well as own vessel (if own vessel shows a vector then we are in true vectors settings). Course over ground (ground stabilised) is NOT heading, and heading we need to derive aspects and comply with COLREGS.
- Relative trails: to help tel us quickly if risk of collision exists, relative trail effectively shows us OA of the WOA triangle to give us indication of risk of collision, but also tells us where the plot is coming from.
- True Vectors: Best indication of aspect, by looking at the vector of the target and putting the EBL on the target, we can clearly see the aspect of the approaching target. Calculate carefully by using radar bearing scale. Giving us a good indication of the situation around us and an improved ability to apply rule 19.
242
Name Rules 23 to 30.
23 - Perky PDV
24 - Tommy Towing and Pushing
25 - Star Sailing + vessel under oar
26 - Finds Fishing Vessel
27 - No NUC and RAM
28 - Caring CBD
29 - Piglets Pilot
30 - Around Anchored + Aground
243
1. How do you know a vessel is definitively Underway and Making Way with sidelights? What happens if their sidelights are off?
3. How do you know when a vessel is only POSSIBLY making way?
1. Vessels required to show sidelights when MAKING WAY are:
- NUC
- RAM
- FISHING
- TRAWLING
These vessels are Underway but NOT MAKING WAY if the side lights are off, EXCEPT:
- FISHING
- TRAWLING
- RAM Underwater Ops
These may also be at anchor as well as stopped (with no anchor lights)
2. Underway POSSIBLY making way with sidelights include:
- PDV
- PDV Tow
- CBD
- Sail
- Pilot
- Mine Clearance Vessels
244
How can you establish that a vessels length is unknown vs. probably known vs. definitely known?
The following vessels length are PROBABLY known
when masthead lights are spotted:
- PDV (PDV less than 50m may exhibit 2 masthead lights not just the 1, PDV over 50 must show 2 masthead lights)
- RAM
- Vessels with just one light e.g Trawling vessel with one masthead light abaft and higher than the all-round green/red light (of over 50m in length shall be required to display)
- Trawler without a masthead light means probably over 20m but definitely under 50m
Definitely known:
Trawling vessel with one white masthead light is over 50m as per Rule 26.
The following vessels are length UNKNOWN (no mastheads):
- Trawler (if under 50m not required to display a masthead light)
- Fishing Vessel
- Pilot
- Sail
- NUC
- Any vessel from astern
Sailor Pilots Nuc Fish From Astern
Remember a Fishing vessel Underway OR at Anchor MUST display only the lights as described in Rule 26.
245
246
247
Sound signal for vessel at anchor under 100m, and over 100m?
Under 100m: continuous ringing of ships bell for 5 seconds intervals not exceeding 1 minute (optionally add Romeo - short long short).
Over 100m: continuous ringing for 5 seconds followed by 5 seconds continuous ringing on ships gong (optionally add Romeo - short long short)
Ships horn for “R” can be heard from further away.
248
List the contents of a Rescue Boat.
- Fire Extinguisher (Foam)
- Compass (luminous)
- Foot pump
- 2 x TPAs
- Bailer (buoyant)
- Safety Knife (buoyant)
- Sea anchor (min 10m line)
- 50m floating tow line
- Sponge
- Tube repair kit
- Torch with spare bulb and battery
- Search light able to last 3hrs
- Radar Reflector
- Safety boat hook
- Ladder
- Means of recovery of person from water (jacobs cradle)
- Oars x 2 (buoyant)
- Whistle
- First aid kit
- 2 x rescue quoit with 30m line
- 6 knots capability with compliment of 4 people (double check this)
- Retroreflective tape
