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Skipper > Sailing Terms > Flashcards

Sailing Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Backstay

A

15

A piece of standing rigging that runs from the mast to either the transom or rear quarter, counteracting the forestay and jib. It is an important sail trim control and has a direct effect on the shape of the mainsail and the headsail.

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2
Q

Kedge Anchor

A

A kedge anchor is the secondary anchor onboard a yacht.

The primary anchor is usually located on the bow on a bow roller or, alternatively, in the anchor locker. Kedge anchors are usually one size down from the yacht’s primary anchor and as such they are generally easier to use and recover.

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3
Q

Sheet winch

A

A mechanical device that is used to pull in (wind up) or let out (wind out) a rope attached to a sail

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4
Q

Danbuoy

A

A danbuoy is a piece of safety equipment designed for the purpose of marking a boat/yacht’s location and therefore the approximate location of the casualty when the skipper, a member of crew or a passenger falls overboard.

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5
Q

Pushpit

A

On the stern end of the boat the railing system is often called a “pushpit”, which is a play on words referring to the Pulpit end.

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6
Q

Transom

A

The aft-most section of a boat that connects the port and starboard sections of the hull. “Most people put a boat’s name on the transom, though some put it on the hull sides.”

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7
Q

Ensign

A

An ensign is the national flag flown on a vessel to indicate citizenry.

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8
Q

Binnacle

A

A waist-high case or stand on the deck of a ship, generally mounted in front of the helmsman, in which navigational instruments are placed for easy and quick reference as well as to protect the delicate instruments.

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9
Q

Dodger

A

A hood forward of a hatch or to the side of a cockpit to protect the crew from wind and spray

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10
Q

Portlight

A

A window installed in a vessel’s hull. Any shape other than round, which would be called a porthole.

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11
Q

Halyard winch

A

A winch that controls the halyard (rope) connected to a sail

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12
Q

Guardrail

A

Barrier to keep from falling off the boat

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13
Q

Bulb Keel

A

The bulb is a shoal draft fin keel. Basically, you saw off a deep fin keel and attach a torpedo shaped bulb of lead to the keel bottom.

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14
Q

Keel

A

A keel balances a monohull in the water.

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15
Q

Skeg

A

A sternward extension of the keel of boats and ships which have a rudder mounted on the centre line.

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16
Q

Bear away

A

Turn away from the wind

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17
Q

Cleat

A

A stationary device used to secure a rope aboard a boat

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18
Q

DSC

A

Digital Selective Calling

A standard for transmitting pre-defined digital messages via the medium-frequency (MF), high-frequency (HF) and very-high-frequency (VHF) maritime radio systems. It is a core part of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS).

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19
Q

Fairlead

A

A ring or hook used to keep a line running in the correct direction or to prevent it fouling.

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20
Q

Fractional rig

A

A foresail that does not reach the top of the mast.

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21
Q

Halyard

A

Line used to raise the head (top) of a sail

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22
Q

Head up

A

Change direction to point closer to the wind

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23
Q

MMSI

A

A Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a series of nine digits which are sent in digital form over a radio frequency channel in order to uniquely identify ship stations, ship earth stations, coast stations, coast earth stations, and group calls.

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24
Q

Overfall

A

Steep and breaking sea due to opposing currents and wind in a shallow area, or strong currents over a shallow rocky seabed.

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25
Q

Preventer

A

Sail control line originating at some point on the boom leading to a fixed point on the boat’s deck or rail to prevent or moderate the effects of an accidental jib.

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26
Q

Propwalk

A

The tendency for a propeller, when rotating, to push the stern sideways.

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27
Q

Ram’s horn

A

Hook attached to the gooseneck to aid mainsail reefing

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28
Q

Reef

A

Temporarily reduce the area of a sail exposed to the wind

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29
Q

Roller furling

A

Method of furling or reefing by rolling a sail around a stay or rotating spar

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30
Q

Shrouds

A

Pieces of rigging that hold the mast up

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31
Q

Spreader

A

A spar used to deflect the shrouds to allow them to support the mast

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32
Q

Warp

A

Rope or cable used when moving a boat in a confined space

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33
Q

Wind indicator

A

Swiveling device used to determine the direction of the wind in relations to the boat’s heading

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34
Q

What is the keel

A

a large fin below the boat, lowing its centre of gravity, and increasing stability

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35
Q

What types of keel are there

A

Long keel, fin keel, bilge keels

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36
Q

Advangaes of long keel

A

Better directional stability and heavy weather sailing

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37
Q

advantages on fin keel

A

better handling under light winds,, better manoverability,

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38
Q

advantages of a bilge keel

A

boat can try out, and be fine

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39
Q

What is a sail drive

A

A sail drive is a propeler on a vertical post out the bottom of the hull of the boat.

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40
Q

What is a shaft drive

A

A shaft drive is a properller attached at an angle through the bottom of the hull.

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41
Q

Advantages of Sail drive

A

Close coupling of engine and drive no alignment or vibration problems and smaller installation. Coupling of engine, drive and prop inherently stronger and less prone to failure. Propellors are often deeper in the water, less prone to fouling and better drive. Less regular routine maintenance of drive train

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42
Q

Advantages of Shaft Drive

A

More Reliable Less expensive to maintain Failer is less catastrophic

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43
Q

When the setting of the sails causes the boat to turn to windward, what is that called

A

Weather helm

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44
Q

When the setting of the sails causes the boat to turn to leeward, what is that called

A

Lee helm

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45
Q

What is the backstay

A

The large metal wire running from the stern of the boat to the top of the mast. it is part of the standing rigging

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46
Q

What is a Split backstay

A

2 wires running from the port and starboard quarters and joining at the mast

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47
Q

what is a divided backstay

A

2 wires running from the port and starboard quarters, joining partway to the mast.

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48
Q

What is the Pushpit

A

The pushpit is the metal gardrails around the stern of the boat

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49
Q

what is the pullpit

A

the pulpit is the metal guardrails at the bow of the boat

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50
Q

what are the guard rails running the length of the boat held up by

A

stanchions

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51
Q

What is one thing that the guardrails cannot be used for

A

clipping a safety line to

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52
Q

what is the forestay

A

The wire running from the bow to the head of the mast

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53
Q

what is often found on the forestay

A

a roller fuller, with the jenny or foresail, rolled around it

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54
Q

What are the 2 uses of the foresail sheet

A

to control the jenny/foresail during sailing, and to unfurl the sail from the rollerfurler

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55
Q

What is the furling line for

A

furling the headsail, or adding reefs to the foresail

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56
Q

What are the 4 main components of the standing rigging

A

forestay, backstay, mast and shrouds

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57
Q

what is a tight footed main

A

the mainsail being attached using a piped foot which fits into a slot on the top of the boom

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58
Q

what is a loose-footed beam

A

a mainsail only attached to the boom at the tack and the clew

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59
Q

What is a deck-stepped mast

A

a mast that ends at the deck of the boat

60
Q

what is a keel-stepped mast

A

a mast that goes through the deck and is attached to the keel

61
Q

What is the topping lift

A

a wire that is attached to hold the boom in place when sailing close hauled, when sailing with reduced sail area, or when the mainsail is not in use.

62
Q

What is the kicker of vang

A

a pully system between the mast and underside of the boom used for controlling sail shape

63
Q

What is a rod type kicker

A

a kicker that as well as pulling, also contains a rod that can support the boom when reefing the mainsail

64
Q

What is the mainsheet

A

The main sheet is a line running between the cockpit and the boom to control the position of the mainsail

65
Q

What is the goose kneck

A

the goose kneck is the conection between the mast and the boom and allows the boom to swing 90deg either side of the boat.

66
Q

What is the steam head fitting

A

The conection between the hull and forestay.

67
Q

what is a bow roller

A

a plastic roller used to store and deploy the anchor

68
Q

propeller size

A

diameter and pitch

69
Q

ground tackle

A

anchoring equipment

70
Q

bilge

A

place where fumes are most likely to accumulate – area between lower boat deck and hull

71
Q

headway

A

forward motion through the water

72
Q

bollard

A

post or piling

73
Q

cavitation

A

rapid boiling of water, adjacent to a propeller

74
Q

bitt

A

device (on the boat) to which an anchor line is secured

75
Q

shackle

A

device (at the anchor) for attaching a rode (anchor line) to an anchor

76
Q

yaw

A

swing from side to side about a vertical axis – twisting left and right and left and right and left and right….until you puke

77
Q

pitchpole

A

turn end over end — bury the bow in the water while a big wave makes the stern flip over the bow – a boatersault fun in a kayak but not otherwise

78
Q

The propellers of small outboard motors are protected from damage by

A

shear pins

79
Q

Check gasoline fuel lines for leaks

A

before each use of the boat

80
Q

When you start your outboard motor, check to see that water is coming out of

A

the telltale — a little hole on the motor that squirts a stream of water so you can tell that the cooling system is working.

81
Q

The best way to go through shallow water with a stern drive or outboard is to

A

raise your motor or lower unit slightly and proceed at idle (slow) speed.

82
Q

If you tuck your outboard or outdrive in too much (lower it too far so that the thrust is pointing somewhat downward), your boat may

A

plow — push the bow down into the water

83
Q

When viewed from aft, most boat propellers

A

are right handed —- which means that they turn clockwise

84
Q

When the pressure on the flat side of a propeller’s blades is reduced, the water boils and may damage your propeller. This is called

A

cavitation. It also reduces thrust and the propeller speeds up due to loss of water resistance.

85
Q

An outboard or a stern drive tilts up or down to adjust its

A

direction of thrust. - trimming the bow up or down

86
Q

When leaving a pier in an boat with an outboard or stern drive engine with a wind or current pushing you toward the pier

A

it is usually easier to back out slowly until you are far enough away from the pier to turn and go forward

87
Q

If you are turning in a narrow channel and have a strong wind on your stern

A

hug the RIGHT side of the channel, turn your helm all the way to the opposite shore, and BACK down

88
Q

For normal scope, the length of the anchor rode should be

A

SEVEN times the depth of the water

89
Q

To minimize the violent pitching motion when running into a heavy sea, point your bow

A

about 45 degrees to either side of the direction from which the waves are coming

90
Q

When caught in severe weather, you should

A

reduce speed and head for the nearest SAFE shore

91
Q

If your vessel runs aground, you should

A

check for leaks

92
Q

To improve the efficiency and speed of your outboard or stern drive in smooth water

A

raise your outboard or outdrive slightly

93
Q

Deep draft boats are affected most by

A

the current

94
Q

What is a fractional rig

A

a right where the forstay dosnt reach the top of the mast and attaches lower down

95
Q

names for the sail on the forestay

A

headsail,foresail,genoa,jenny,jib

96
Q

whats the disadvantage of furing a foresail in high winds

A

it loses its shape, resulting in loss in performance

97
Q

whats an alternitive to furling foresails

A

hanked on sails that can be replaced with ones for different weather conditions

98
Q

Describe the system of reefing the mainsail

A

The mainsail is reefed by using reefint pendants to pull the sail part way down, and then is secured to the boom using reefing eyelets and cord

99
Q

What are other ways of reefing the mainsail

A

some mainsails reef by furling into either the boom or mast

100
Q

What is the head of the sail

A

the top corner of the sail

101
Q

what is the headboard of the sail

A

a stiff wooden board at the top of the sail to help spread the weight of the sail over a large area of fabric

102
Q

what is the tack of the sail

A

The furthest forward corner of the sail

103
Q

what is the clew of the sail

A

the furthest aft corner of the sail

104
Q

what are battens used for

A

to help maintain sail shape

105
Q

what is a fully battened main

A

a fully battened main has battens the width of the sail.

106
Q

What is the roller furling drum for

A

storing the furling line when the sail is out

107
Q

What is a masthead rig

A

A rig where the forestay reaches the top of the mast

108
Q

What is the luff of the sail

A

the furthest forward edge of the sail

109
Q

what is the foot of the sail

A

the bottom edge of the sail

110
Q

what is the leech of the sail

A

the back edge of the sail

111
Q

Why do the mainsheet a jib sheet need to adjusted alot

A

they make sure the mainsail and foresail are adjusted properly for the direction of the wind

112
Q

What is the port bow

A

the forward part of the boat on the left-hand side

113
Q

what is the starbord bow

A

the forward part of the boat on the right-hand side

114
Q

what is the port quater of the boat

A

the rear corner of the boat on the left-hand side

115
Q

what is the starbord quater

A

the rear corner of the boat on the right-hand side.

116
Q

What is an emergancy tiller

A

a metal rod that can be directly attached to the rudder, in case there is a loss of connection between the rudder and the helm

117
Q

What is the rear of the boat called

A

the stern

118
Q

what is the front of the boat called

A

the bow

119
Q

what is the middle of a boat called

A

amidships

120
Q

what is the cockpit

A

its the place where the boat is operated from

121
Q

what would you expect to find in a cockpit

A

the helm or tiller, winches for operating sails, furling lines, halyards, and a safe comfortable seating area

122
Q

what is the companionway

A

the entrance to the interior of the boat.

123
Q

What are winches used for

A

they are used to assist in the easeing and hardening of sails, as well as raising sails. some yachts have additional wiches to control other sails

124
Q

Whats a cleat

A

a metal fixture for attaching ropes to

125
Q

Whats a windlass for

A

raising or lowering the anchor

126
Q

what is the side of the boat the wind is coming from called

A

windward

127
Q

what is the downwind side of the boat called

A

leeward

128
Q

what is reversing called for a boat

A

moving astern

129
Q

what is moving backwards on a boat called

A

moving aft

130
Q

what are spreaders for

A

they keep the shrouds seperated and viritcal to create more stability

131
Q

What is sailing at 0-30 deg to the wind called

A

in irons

132
Q

what is sailing at 30-40deg to the wind called

A

close hauled

133
Q

what is saling at 40-80 deg to the wind called

A

close reach

134
Q

what is sailing 80-100deg called

A

Beam reach

135
Q

what is sailing 100-160deg called

A

broad reach

136
Q

what is sailing 160-180deg called

A

running

137
Q

will a boat in irons move

A

no, as its facing directly into the wind

138
Q

Cleat

A

Things to put ropes onto

139
Q

Guard Rail

A

Stops you from falling off

140
Q

P Bracket

A

Support for drive shaft

141
Q

Pulpit

A

Saves you from falling out the front

142
Q

Stem

A

Bit at the front that cuts through the water

143
Q

Topsides

A

Sides of the vessel above water

144
Q

Transom

A

A flat stern

145
Q

Trim Tab

A

Control that adjusts how high the bow sits out of water when going fast

146
Q

Waterline

A

Where the water comes up to

147
Q

Warp

A

Rope used for mooring

Skipper (22 decks)

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