COM 1 Anatomy week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the shape of the spinal cord
A
- Cylindrical shape
2
Q
Where does the spinal cord start
A
- Foramen magnum
3
Q
Where does the spinal cord end
A
Lower border of the first lumbar vertebrae
4
Q
In young children where does the spinal cord extend to
A
- Upper border of the 3rd vertebrae
5
Q
What is the spinal cord surrounded by
A
- 3 meninges :
- Dura mater
-Archnoid mater - Pia mater
6
Q
Name the enlargements and function
A
- Cervical and lumbar enlargemnts provides nerves to upper and lower limbs
7
Q
Where does the spinal cord end
A
- Conus medullaris
8
Q
Name example of cervical enlargements
A
- Brachial plexus
9
Q
Name an example of lumbar enlargemnts
A
- Lumbosacral plexus
10
Q
What is on the posterior (dorsal) surface of the spinal cord
A
- Posterior Median sulcus
11
Q
What is on the anterior (ventral) surface of the spinal cord
A
- Anterior Median sulcus
12
Q
Name the 2 longitudinal features of the spinal cord
A
- Anterior median fissure/sulcus
-Posterior median sulcus
13
Q
Explain the Anterior median fissure/sulcus
A
- A deep groove on the front (anterior) side of the spinal cord
14
Q
Explain the basic structue of the spinal cord
A
- inner core of grey matter surrounded by an outercovering of white matter
15
Q
Explain ths structure of grey matter in the spinal cord
A
- Has an H shaped pillar
- Can be divided into anterior (ventral), posterior(dorsal) and lateral gray columns/hors
16
Q
Where are small lateral grey columns/horns present
A
- In the throacic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord
17
Q
What does grey mater contain
A
- Nerve cells, neuroglia and blood vessles
18
Q
What is the Anterior (ventral) gray column/horn overall responsible for
A
- Motor control
19
Q
What does Anterior (ventral ) grey horns/columns contain + the function of the contents
A
- Contains motor neurons responsible for controlling skeletal muscle
20
Q
Name the 2 types of motor neurons that Anterior(ventral) gray horns/columns contain+ structure
A
- Alpha efferents -Large multipolar cells
- Gamma efferents- small multipolar cells
21
Q
What is the function of the alpha efferent motor neuron in the anterior(ventral) grey column/horns
A
They innervate skeletal muscles
22
Q
What is the function of the Gamma efferent motor neuron in the anterior(ventral) grey column/horns
A
- Innervates intrafusal muscle fibers in the neuromuscular spindle
23
Q
Name the 2 different groups of motor neurons in the anterior (ventral) grey horn
A
- Medial group + central group
24
Q
What is the function of the Medial group of motor neurons in the anterior(ventral) gey horns
A
- Control skeletal muscles of the runk,neck and intercostal muscles
25
Where is the central group of motor neurons present in the anterior (ventral) grey horn
- C1-C5
-C3-C5
- L2- S1
26
What is the the posterior (dorsal) grey horn/column overall responsible for
Sensory processing
27
What dos the Posterior (Dorsal) grey horns/columns contain + the functions of the cornets
Contains sensory nerve cell groups that process touch,pain temperature and proprioceptors
28
Name the 4 nerve cell groups in the Posterior ( Dorsal) grey horns / columns
- Substantia Gelatinosa
- Nucleus Proprius
-Nucleus Dorsais
- Visceral Afferent nucleus
29
Where is the substantia Gelationosa found + function
Tip of the dorsal horn
- Recieves pain,temperature and crude touch sensations
30
Where is the Nucleus proprius present and what is it responsible for
- Present throughout the spinal cord
-Responsible for proprioception, vibration and fine touch
31
Where is the Nucleus Dorsalis ( one of the nerve cell grps in the posterior gray horn) + function
- Located between C8- to L3 - L4
- Processes proprioceptor information from spindles and tendons
32
What is the function of the Visceral afferent nucleus+ location as a nerve cell groups
- Recieves sensory input from internal organs
-Locatiojn:T1 - T3
33
What is the Lateral gray horns overall responsible for
-Autonomic functions
34
Name the different spinal segments the lateral gray horns are found in + what the give rise
-From T1- L2 - L3 : Give rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibers
-S2-S4- Give rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
35
What are the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) gray columns connected by
Gray commissures
36
What is the grey commissure
Thin band of grey matter that connects the right and left halves of the spinal cord
37
What is the grey commissure divided into and where the different components are located
Anterior gray commissure - Licated in front of the central canal
Posterir gray commissure- Located behind the central canal
38
Where is the anterior gray commissure located
Licated in front of the central canal
39
Where is the Posterior gray commissure located
Behind the central canal
40
Where is the central canal located
In the middle of the grey commissure
41
What is the central canal filled with + TEH FUNCTION of the contents
CSF - Helps cushion and nourish the spinal cord
42
Superiorly where does the central canal extend from ?
+
Inferiorly,
Medulla oblongata
Conus medullaris
43
What is white matter divided into
- Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
44
Where is the anterior column of white matter found
Between the midline and where the anterior nerve roots emerge
45
Where is the lateral column of the white matter found
Between the emergence of the anterior nerve roots and the entry of the posterior nerve roots
46
Where is the posterior column of the white matter found
Between the energy of the posterior nerve roots and the midline
47
What does white matter contain
Nerves
Neuroglia
Blood vessels
48
How are nerve tracts classified
As ascending
Descending
Intersegmental tracts
49
What is the Arachnoid mater in the brain covered by and crossed by
Covered by : Flattened mesothelial cell
Crossed by : fibrous strands
-
50
In the Arachnoid where do nerves arteries and veins pass through
The subarachnoid space
51
What is the structure of the pia mater in the brain
Vascular with flattened mesothelial cells
52
What is the Dura mater in the spinal cord continuous with and through what
Cranial dura throught the foramane magnum
53
In the Dura mater of the spinal cord wha does the extradural space contain
- Areolar tissue
- Internak vertebral venous plexus
54
Name the main arterial supplies for the spinal cord
- 2 posterior spinal arteries
- One anterior spinal artery
55
Explain the characteristics of the arteries in the main arterial supply
- Longituidnal arteries
56
Where do posterior spinal Arteries originate from
- vertebral arteries or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
57
What is the Anterior spinal artery formed by
- Union of 2 branches from vertebral series
58
Where does the anterior spinal artery descend along
Anterior median fissure
59
What does the anterior spinal artery supplies
Supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord wha
60
What does the posterior spinal arteries supply
- Supplies the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord
61
Where does segmental spinal arteries arise from
Deep cervical , intercostal and lumbar arteries
62
Explain the characteristics of the Great Anteiror Medullary Artery of Adamkiewicz
- structure
- Where it arises from
- what it supplies
- large , IMportant FEEDER artery
- Arise from the aorta
- lower 2/3 of the spinal cord wha does- critical artery
63
What does the spinal cord veins drain into
They drain into 6 longitudinal channels
64
What is the function of the spinal cord veins
- Communicate with veins of the brain
