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ATSEP Basic > COM Voice > Flashcards

COM Voice Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the minimum required for communication?

A

transmitter, message, receiver

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2
Q

What is communication in ATM?

A

One of the most important instruments to manage the air traffic

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3
Q

Name two types of communication in ATS.

A

Voice Communication and Data Communication

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4
Q

What are the structures of the communication sub domain?

A

ground-ground: telephone systems to allow controllers to speak to other centers etc.
ground-air: allow pilots and controllers to speak to each other
air-air

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5
Q

Requirements for safe communication?

A

Safety, Reliability, Availability, Coverage, Quality of Service (QoS), Latency

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6
Q

What are the two different communication services?

A

fixed: Ground-Ground (AFTN)
mobile: Air-Ground

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7
Q

Communication services: What is the fixed service used for?

A

Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network (AFTN):
worldwide system with fixed telecommunication links, over which flight data can be exchanged between ANS centers

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8
Q

Communication services: What is the mobile service used for?

A

Exchanging data, information and reports during a flight between ground and aircraft

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9
Q

What elements could be part of a communication network in ATS?

A

A communication network is a collection of transmitters, receivers and communication channels that send messages to one another

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10
Q

What is the radio switch used for?

A

It’s used for coupling different radio frequencies with eachother.

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11
Q

What is the bandwidth which voice communication technology should be able to cover?

A

Frequency: 300Hz - 3000Hz

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12
Q

Explain: communication loop

A

1) ATC clearance
2) Pilots Readback
3) Controllers Hearback
4) Controller Acknowledges or Corrects
back to 1)

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13
Q

In the correct order: List the elements in a transmitter station.

A

Transmitter: Microphone, audio amplifier, rf oscillator, modulator, rf power amplifier, antenna

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14
Q

In the correct order: List the elements in a receiver station.

A

Receiver: RX Antenna, rf amplifier, mixer, oscillator, IF-Filter, IF-Amplifier, AGC (automatic gain control), demodulator, squelch circuit, audio amplifier, loudspeaker/headset

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15
Q

What’s the purpose of an IF-Amplifier and Automatic Gain Control?

A

Levels out the different received audio signals

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16
Q

What does the Squelch Circuit do?

A

Filters out background noise when nobody is transmitting.

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17
Q

Within RX: How much is the incoming signal amplified in the RF-amplifier?

A

X 1.000.000

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18
Q

Within RX: What’s the intermediate frequency after the frequency mixer and why exactly is it like that?

A

10,7125 MHz because the following parts are standardised components (and are therefore much cheaper)

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19
Q

Within RX: What kind of filter is used for the IF-Filter?

A

Bandfilter (6 kHz or 10 kHz)

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20
Q

Within TX: What’s the antenna transmitting power on ground?

A

50W

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21
Q

Within TX: What’s the antenna transmitting power in an aircraft?

A

20W

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22
Q

Where are transceivers used and what does this equipment provide to the user?

A

Transceivers are used in onboard equipment. Providing high reliability and redundancy

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23
Q

Explain: Period

A

Is the time of one full circle expressed in seconds.

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24
Q

Explain: Frequency

A

Is the number of periods per second expressed in Hertz (Hz).

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25
Explain: Amplitude
Is the positive or negative magnitude of a wave.
26
Explain: Phase
Describes the number of degrees the wave travels within 360°.
27
What's the relation between frequency, period and wavelength?
As higher the frequency the shorter the period. As higher the frequency the shorter the wavelength.
28
What is the speed of radio waves in space (1) and in cables (2)?
(1): 300'000 km/s (2): 200'000 km/s
29
Explain: Wavelength
Is the distance which a wave travels within one period. (Unit = Lambda in meters) λ = T (period) x C (speed of light) λ = C (speed of light) / f (frequency)
30
What is the wavelength of a radio wave with a frequency of 120 MHz?
2,5m
31
What is the polarization for aviation VHF and UHF antennas?
Vertical polarization
32
What two different kinds of antenna polarization can be differentiated?
Horizontal and vertical polarization (transmitter and receiver need to be polarized in the same way!)
33
What is the Climax Technique?
The problem is the radio coverage in mountainous terrain. Climax allows transmitting the same signal from multiple transmitters in the same area. Therefore the frequency is shifted a few kHz from the original channel.
34
To provide ATC in a safe and efficient way, each controller must be able to…
…select the frequency they need to communicate with the pilots in their sectors. …listen to the communication in neighbour sectors. …change the transmitter and receiver station in case of interferences.
35
Pilots demand to…
…select the frequency they need to communicate with the controller on ground. …listen to the communication from neighbouring aircraft's. …change the transmitter and receiver station in case of interferences. …tune and use communication channels in VHF and HF bands. …receive alerts from ground stations when the aircraft's radio has been muted by a selective calling system (SELCAL)
36
What is the frequency band used for HF?
HF (Oceanic environment) 3MHz - 30MHz - Wavelength: 100m-10m
37
What is the frequency band used for VHF?
VHF (domestic environment) 30MHz - 300MHz - Wavelength: 10m-1m
38
What is the frequency band used for UHF?
UHF 300MHz - 3GHz - Wavelength: 1m-10cm
39
What type of modulation is used for voice communication?
Amplitude Modulation
40
How can electromagnetic waves can be interfered with?
Absorption (transfer of energy into heat) reflection refraction
41
What is the diffraction of electromagnetic waves?
Is the bending and spreading of waves when they pass by a gap or an obstruction.
42
How does the frequency influence the diffraction of el.-mag. Waves?
The higher the frequency the lower the degree of diffraction.
43
Who is the master of all frequencies?
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
44
What is the air traffic voice communication frequency band?
118 - 137MHz (121.5MHz and 243.0MHz - international emergency frequency)
45
What's the equation to estimate the slant range (line of sight) in voice communication?
Range = 1,23 x WURZEL(height of aircraft in feet)
46
What's the required distance for two transmitters on the same frequency?
Distance = 2 x 1,23 x WURZEL(maximum height before heartbeat occurance)
47
How many channels fit into a band of 1 MHz with a channel spacing of 25kHZ?
channel spacing of 25kHz allows 40 channels within 1MHz
48
How many channel fit into the voice communication band in aviation?
Available range of 19MHz allows 760 assignable channels
49
Why did European radio communication change its bandwidth from 25kHz to 8,33kHz?
They increased the channel capacity fo 2280 possible channels.
50
What are the ICAO mandated retention times for legal recording and which Annex of the Chicago Convention lays the regulative foundation for that?
normal - 30 days minor - up to 1 year medium - up to 3 years grave - up to 10 years --> ICAO ANNEX 10 (need to record); Annex 11 (duration)
51
Explain: ATIS
ATIS: broadcast service that provides safety critical information for pilots preparing their landing, or departure from an airport
52
Explain: VOLMET
VOLMET: provides pilots in cruise with information of the meteorological conditions at the surrounding main airports. In Case the pilot has to deviate the aircraft to an adjacent airport
53
Explain the function of frequency coupling used in ATC.
Frequency coupling is an operating mode which permits an ATCO to transmit and receive simultaneously on several frequencies. Used to connect sectors to one controller.
54
Explain the difference between hot- and cold standby systems.
hot standby systems switch over automatically in case of a failure (they are running simultaneously with another identical primary system) cold standby systems must be manually turned on
55
Name the elements from a controllers working position which will form a uniform radio communication system.
microphone, loudspeaker, headset, PTT button (Push to talk), touchscreen (TID), operation position unit (OPU) The OPU consists of: (1) AD Converter for TX telephone (2) AD converter for RX telephone and loudspeaker
56
which communication technique will be part of future development: (1) analogue (2) isdn (3) ats-qsig (4) VoIP
4
57
What is the purpose of the voice/radio switch?
Integrated and easy access to air-ground and ground-ground communication
58
What are the major components of VCS?
Ground telephone and air-ground radio (today both are integrated in a headset)
59
what is SELCAL?
selective-calling radio system that alert crew that ground radio station wishes to communicate with them.
60
How many voice receivers are in an aircraft?
3VHF and 2 HF
61
What are the ranges of aircraft radio equipment transmitters?
VHF: 200NM HF: 6000NM SATCOM: global

ATSEP Basic (10 decks)

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