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ATSEP Basic > COM_DATA > Flashcards

COM_DATA Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Name two different network types (according to size/reach).

A

LAN (local area network)
WAN (wide area network)

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2
Q

Describe characteristics of LANs and name used technologies

A

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area.
Characteristics:
-smaller geographic area
-higher data-transfer rates
-low error rate
-Com evironment: client server
Technologies: Ethernet and WLAN

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3
Q

Describe characteristics of WANs and name used technologies

A

A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area.
Characteristics:
-large geographic area
-More often public, but also Privat possible
-medium data transmission rate
-Com environment: server-server, server-client
Technologies: SDH/PDH, LTE, MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching), Metro Ethernet, VHF Datalink

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4
Q

Name two layer models

A

OSI 7-layer model, TCP/IP layer model (4 layer)

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5
Q

Name the layers of the OSI Model

A
  1. Application
  2. Presentation
  3. Session
  4. Transport
  5. Network
  6. Data link
  7. Physical
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6
Q

Name the layers of the TCP/IP model

A

-Application level (FTP, SSH, SMTP, HTTP)
-Transport level (TCP, UDP)
-Internet level (ICMP, IP)
-Link level (Ethernet, xDSL, LTE)

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7
Q

Name Devices for OSI Layer 1:

A

Modems, media converter, repeater
Modems and Repeater do not change or filter the transfered data

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8
Q

Name Devices for OSI Layer 2:

A

Bridges, Switches

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9
Q

Name technologies for OSI Layer 2:

A

LAN area: Ethernet
WAN area: HDLC, AVLC

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10
Q

In which OSI Layer MAC Adresses are used?

A

OSI Layer 2 (Datalink)

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11
Q

Name Devices for OSI Layer 3:

A

Routers

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12
Q

Name three types of cables.

A

copper: Twisted pair, coaxial
fibre opticle: multimode/singlemode

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13
Q

Name examples for copper connectors.

A

RJ-45, DB-9, DB-15, DB-25

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14
Q

Name examples for FibreOptic connectors.

A

ST, SC, LC, E2000, MTRJ, MDC, MPO

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15
Q

What is the difference between the broadcast- and collision domain?

A

In a broadcast domain every device has it’s one port (no data collision possible).
In a collision domain several devices share one port (collision possible).

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16
Q

Name Ground-Ground networks

A

AFTN/AMHS, Pens, RAPNET, connection between ANSPs and airports, NewPENS, Future: ATM-VoIP, SWIM

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17
Q

Name Air-ground networks

A

SITA + ANSP’s, Collins aerospace (ARINC), VDL

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18
Q

Which different devices operate on the physical layer in the tcp model ?

A

repeater, bridge

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19
Q

Which addresses are used to establish communication on the physical layer in tcp/ip?

20
Q

What is a MAC-Adress?

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A

A MAC (Media Acess Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.
-address is 6 Byte (48 bit) long
-first 3 Bytes are for the manufacturer
-used for communication within a layer 2 network with more than two nodes

21
Q

Describe a switch

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A

A network switch is a computer networking device that links network segments or network devices. (Layer 2 OSI)

22
Q

What is the difference between a bridge and a switch?

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A

A switch is a multiple-port-bridge

23
Q

Definition of IP protocol

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A

-part of OSI layer 3
-unique address to each network device
- connectionless protocol
-routes packets through the network
- does not provide Guarantees->not a reliable transmission

24
Q

What is an IPv4 address?

Study These Flashcards
A

32-bit values, division into network and host part

25
Name different IP address classes
A: bis 127.0.0.0 B: 128.0.0.0 - 191.0.0.0 C: 192.0.0.0- 223.0.0.0 D:224.0.0.0 -239.0.0.0 E: 240.0.0.0 - 255.0.0.0 D=multicast, E=reserved
26
What are the Reserved spaces in IPv4 address classes?
- Network 0. is forbidden (alles null) - Private network classes (10.0.0.0 class A; 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.0.0 class B, 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 class C) - Host number [255.255]255. is used as broadcast within one's own network - IP host address 127.0.0.1 defined as loopback address for one's own host
27
What is ARP?
Address Resolution Protocol connects IP with MAC
28
Describe Gateway
Network point that acts as an entrance to another network. Gateway: Translator between 2 network protocols Today a "default gateway" is used on routers to interconnect different IP networks media gateways to convert between VoIP and Analogue Telephone
29
Which standard protocols are used on the OSI Layer 4 (Transport) within ATS environment? Name Examples for the usage.
UDP: Voice-over-IP, surveillance plots & tracks, network management TCP:
30
Which standard protocols are used on the OSI Layer 5-7 (Session, Presentation, Application) within ATS environment?. Which special protocol for the ATS environment exist?
standard protocols: http (Websites), smtp (mail transport protocol) , ftp (file transfer protocol), ntp (time protocol), snmp (network management), ssh, BACnet FMTP (flight message transfer protocol)
31
Higher Layer protocols in current use
Layer 4: UDP, TCP, OSI protocol (datalink) OSI 5-7: Standard protocols (http, smtp, ftp, ntp, SNMP, ssh, BACnet), FMTP, OSI protocol (X.400, AMHS)
32
In which communication area CPDLC is used?
air-ground
33
Describe Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
The data of multiple (slow speed) lines are split into smaller pieces and are sent over one high-speed line in a certain order.
34
Which types of IPv4 addresses are defined on the Network Layer?
Unicast (host -> host) Broadcast (host -> all hosts inside network) Multicast (host -> group of hosts)
35
ATS Requirements for Safe Data Communications.
Safety, Reliability, Availability, Quality of Service, Latency, Security
36
What is NMS?
A Network management system is a combination of hardware and software used to monitor and administer a computer network or networks. NMS Tasks: Fault mgmt., Configuration mgmt, Accounting .., Performance …, Security … Protocols: SNMP
37
What is SWIM?
System Wide Information Management defines: Service standards, information standards, technical standards user/provider: Airspace user, ANSP, Airports, Network Manager, MET information provider
38
Explain the Abbreviation ATN
The Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) is an internetwork architecture that allows ground/ground, air/ground, and avionic data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the ISO OSI reference model. The European part of ATN used for ground/ground communications is represented by NewPENS (New Pan-European Network Services).
39
What is the function of a switch in data communication?
- Connect end systems in LAN - Traffic forwarding based on MAC addresses takes place
40
What is VLAN?
- Virtual Local Area Network - Same switch is used for different networks - networks are virtually seperated but use the same physical hardware
41
Which protocol can be used to gather the information from devices in the network hierarchy?
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
42
Which type of protocol is UDP (User Datagram Protocol)?
- Connectionless protocol - OSI layer 4 (transport layer)
43
What is NewPENS?
European part of ATN used for ground-ground communications
44
What is characteristic for a 'connectionless' connection?
no status information about data packages no guarantee for a reliable transmission-> data packeges may lost no guarantee for correct data packet sequence
45
Which are the two most important requirements for ATS data communications? Which other requirements exist?
Reliability (highest levels), Availability (depending on the service up to 99,999%) other requirements: Safety, Quality of Service (QoS), Latency, Security
46
What is CPDLC?
Controller Pilot Data Link Communication
47
Which is the only implemented VHF Digital Link (VDL) protocol which is implemented?
VDL Mode 2

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