COMMON BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 2

Question 1

most common g+ rods in human disease

Answer 1

clostridium

Question 2

clostridium family - how do they respond to oxygen

Answer 2

STRICT anaerobes- get killed by molecular oxygen

Question 3

do clostridium family members make spores

Answer 3

yup

Question 4

C diff typically presents as

Answer 4

hospital acquired GI infection after normal flora is depleted via antibiotics

Question 5

3 clostridium dificile virulence factors

Answer 5

1. spores that are not killed by alcohol based hand sanitizers and enterotoxin and potent cytotoxin

Question 6

how do you diagnose C diff

Answer 6

ELISA for toxin in stool, culture from stool (but then you have to prove that the culture from stool produced the toxin) or PCR

Question 7

although most antibiotics have been implicated in C difficult resistance but the firs tone was

Answer 7

clindamycin

Question 8

clostridia most likely to be encountered in a hospital

Answer 8

difficile

Question 9

how does clostridium tetani normally present

Answer 9

local infection leads to toxin production in anaerobic areas that lead to retrograde axonal transport to CNS and causes SPASTIC PARALYSIS

Question 10

2 clostridium tetani viruelnce factors

Answer 10

spores and txins

Question 11

2 vaccines for tetanus

Answer 11

inactive toxoid or tetanus human IgG

Question 12

clostridium tetani is a common organism where

Answer 12

soil and GI tract of animals SPORESSS

Question 13

clostridium botulinum toxin- how does it work and what does it cause

Answer 13

blocks ACh transmission in neuromuscular junctions and causes flaccid paralysis

Question 14

2 presentations of clostridium perfringens

Answer 14

wound infections and food poisoning

Question 15

food poisoning caused by a toxin produced iN VIVO is caused by

Answer 15

clostridium perfringens

Question 16

what kind of injuries lead to clostridium perfringins wound infections

Answer 16

crush injuries or anything that causes reduced blood flow and a low oxygen environment

Question 17

what toxin does clostridium perfringens produce in wound infections and what does it do

Answer 17

alpha toxin (phospholipase enzyme) that kills phagocytes and muscle tissue

Question 18

food poisoning with C. perfringens - what toxin does it secrete and what doe sit do

Answer 18

enterotoxin– disrupts tight junctions between endothelial cells in ilium leading to dysregulated fluid transport

Question 19

prototypical G negative bacteria

Answer 19

e coli

Question 20

ETEC

Answer 20

enterotoxigenic E coli causes travelers diarrhea

Question 21

how to treat ETEC

Answer 21

self limiting usually only need fluids

Question 22

3 ways that e coli infections show

Answer 22

GI disease, UTIs, abdominal infections

Question 23

UTIs infections are usually from where

Answer 23

endogenous from GI tract

Question 24

3 scenarios that can lead to e coli abdominal infections

Answer 24

surgical wounds, traumatic wounds, colon cancer

Question 25

how do e coli abdominal infections present usually

Answer 25

as an anaerobic abscess of mixed bacteria

Question 26

virulence factors of e coli in GI disease

Answer 26

adherence to mucosal via pili and toxins disrupt electorlyte balance in gut cells

Question 27

3 properties of e coli that you see in UTIs

Answer 27

adherence to bladder epithelium, specific interactions with bladder epithelium, and beta hemolytic

Question 28

most common organism to get resistance through plasmids

Answer 28

e coli

Question 29

where is e coli normally

Answer 29

intestine

Question 30

3 kinds of disease caused by psuedomonas aeruginosa

Answer 30

1. infections of trauma, surgical wounds and BURNS (opportunistic), 2. chronic lung infection in CF patients, 3. hospital acquired UTIs, pneumonias and IV catheters

Question 31

difference between pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in CF patients early in life vs later

Answer 31

early- common infection but treated with antimicrobials, later you get a chronic infection because of intrinsic resistance

Question 32

virulence factors of pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 32

bacteria are protected from phagocytosis because of viscous lung secretions, mucoid expolysaccharide, and bacterial toxin secretion

Question 33

age that CF patients get chronically infected with pseudomonas

Answer 33

15-20

Question 34

frequent cause of death in CF patietns

Answer 34

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 35

if a hospitalized patient gets a new infection, think of this

Answer 35

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA