Common Equine Diseases: Skin/Dermal Diseases

Question 1

What is the causative agent for Rain rot?

Answer 1

Dermatophilus congolensis

Question 2

What is a bacteria that is commonly misidentified as a fungus?

Answer 2

Dermatophilus congolensis

Question 3

What are the clinical signs of Rain rot?

Answer 3

Crusty scabs
Matted tufts of hair
Paintbrush appearance

Question 4

How is Rain Rot diagnosed?

Answer 4

Culture

Question 5

How is Rain rot treated?

Answer 5

Antimicrobial therapy
Severe cases = systemic antibiotics
Bathing in Povidone or Chlorhexidine

Question 6

What is the causative agent for Dermatophytosis?

Answer 6

Trichophyton equinum
T. verrucosum
T. mentagrophytes
Microsporum canis
Microsporum equinum
Microsporum gypseum

Question 7

What are the clinical signs of Dermatophytosis?

Answer 7

Small, round lesions covered with scales around the girth and neck areas

Question 8

How is Dermatophytosis diagnosed?

Answer 8

Wood’s lamp
Culture
Histology

Question 9

How is Dermatophytosis treated?

Answer 9

Povidone-iodine, thiabendazole, sulfur dip, miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, captan

Question 10

What is the most common agent that causes ringworm in horse?

Answer 10

Trichophyton equinum

Question 11

What is the causative agent of Cutaneous Papillomas?

Answer 11

Equus Caballus papillomavirus type 1

Question 12

What are the clinical signs of Cutaneous Papillomas?

Answer 12

Warts

Question 13

How is Cutaneous Papillomas diagnosed?

Answer 13

Clinical signs

Question 14

How is cutaneous papillomas treated?

Answer 14

Cryotherapy, topical therapy

Resovles within 3 to 4 months of removal

Question 15

What is the causative agent of Sarcoids?

Answer 15

Bovine Papilloma virus

Question 16

What is the most common tumor in horses?

Answer 16

Sarcoids

Question 17

What are sarcoids?

Answer 17

Fibroblastic, wart-like lesions
Locally invasive
Often recurrent

Question 18

How are sarcoids dianosed?

Answer 18

Histopathology

Question 19

What is the treatment for Sarcoids?

Answer 19

Topical
Surgery
Chemo
Direct radiation 
All with variable success

Question 20

What is the most common cancer of the horse’s eyes and second most common tumor in horses?

Answer 20

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 21

In what breeds of horses are Squamous cell carcinomas common?

Answer 21

Paints and Appaloosas

Light colored eyes and non-pigmented skin

Question 22

In what other locations can squamous cell carcinoma occur?

Answer 22

Prepuce

Vulva

Question 23

How is Squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed?

Answer 23

Surgical removal
Laser cryotherapy
Recurrence rates are high

Question 24

What are other adjunctive therapies used to treat squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 24

Chemotherapy (creams & injections)
Radiation therapy
Photodynamic therapy
Cryotherapy

Question 25

What is the causative agent of melanomas?

Answer 25

Prolonged exposure to UV rays

Question 26

What are the clinical signs of Melanomas?

Answer 26

Benign growth occurs on the tail, anus, preputial area, head of gray horses

Question 27

How are melanomas diagnosed?

Answer 27

Clinical signs

Question 28

How are melanomas treated?

Answer 28

Surgical removal | Cimetidine

Question 29

What is cellulitis?

Answer 29

Infection of the subcutaneous tissues

Question 30

What is cellulits caused by?

Answer 30

Small wounds, abrasions where bacteria can enter and track along the SQ tissues

Question 31

What are the clinical signs of Cellulitis?

Answer 31

Heat Swelling Lameness Fever

Question 32

What are the clinical signs of severe cellulitis?

Answer 32

Non weight bearing lameness

Question 33

What is the treatment of cellulitis?

Answer 33

Topical salves Hydrotherapy Leg wraps Antibiotics