Breeding Data

Question 1

Type of estrous cycle

Answer 1

Year-round polyestrous

Question 2

Age of female at puberty

Answer 2

7 to 18 months

Question 3

Age of male at puberty

Answer 3

7 to 18 months

Question 4

Time of first breeding

Answer 4

15 months

Question 5

Estrus cycle frequency

Answer 5

21 days

Question 6

Estrus cycle frequency

Answer 6

21 days

Question 7

Duration of estrus

Answer 7

18 days

Question 8

Time of ovulation

Answer 8

12 to 18 hours of estrus

Question 9

Optimmal time of breeding

Answer 9

12 hours after standing heat

Question 10

Gestation period

Answer 10

283 days

276 to 295 days

Question 11

Birth weight

Answer 11

60 to 100 days

Question 12

Litter size

Answer 12

One to two

Question 13

Weaning age

Answer 13

Dairy: 3 months
Beef: 4 to 6 months

Question 14

What is the most commonly used method for semen collection?

Answer 14

Electroejaculation

Question 15

How is artificial insemination accomplished?

Answer 15

intrauterine transcervical approach

Question 16

What are the steps of a successful embryo transfer in cattle?

Answer 16

Superovulation
Insemination
Collection of embryos
Identification and selection of embryos
Embryo transfer

Question 17

What is the first step of the embryo transfer in cattle?

Answer 17

Superovulation

Question 18

How often is artificial insemination performed?

Answer 18

12 to 18 hours apart

Question 19

When are the embryos collected?

Answer 19

6 to 8 days after artificial insemination

Question 20

What are the clinical changes associated with impending parturition?

Answer 20

Softening of the muscles and ligaments of the hindquarters and tail head

Question 21

How long does stage one of parturition last?

Answer 21

6 hours

Question 22

What are the clinical signs of stage 1 parturition?

Answer 22

Restlessness
Little interest in food
Kicking at belly and straining

Question 23

How long does stage 2 parturition last in cows?

Answer 23

30 mins to 4 hours

Question 24

If no progress is made after how long of straining to deliver is assistance needed?

Answer 24

1 hour

Question 25

How long does it take for a cow to pass the placenta?

Answer 25

4 to 6 hours | Up to 12 hours is not uncommon

Question 26

What is more common in cattle than in horses?

Answer 26

Dystocia

Question 27

Why does dystocia occur in cattle?

Answer 27

Mutation via traction | Fetotomy

Question 28

The following needs of the newborn must be addressed:

Answer 28

``` Oxygenation and pulse assessment Temperature regulation Care of umbilical cord and umbilicus Nutrition Bonding of cow and calf Passage of meconium Adequacy of passive transfer of antibodies Physical examination of the calf ```

Question 29

What should be passed within the first 24 hours of life

Answer 29

Meconium

Question 30

What account for most cases of septicemia and what is most often isolated?

Answer 30

Gram-negative | Escherichia