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Large Animal > Common Ovine and Caprine Diseases > Flashcards

Common Ovine and Caprine Diseases Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What is common in sheep and goats playing or in rut?

A

Big head

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2
Q

What is the causative agent of Big Head?

A

Clostridium novyi
C. sordellii
C. chauvoei

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of Big Head?

A

Head butting and fighting causes bruising or laceration and edematous swelling

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4
Q

How is Big Head treated?

A

Antibiotics –> Procaine penicillin

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5
Q

What antibiotic cannot be used in large animals?

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

What is the causative agent of black disease?

A

Clostridium novyi Type B

  • Found in the soil and spores are ingested
  • Bacterial toxins cause liver necrosis
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7
Q

The presence of what parasite predisposes sheep and goats to liver damage?

A

Liver flukes (Fasicola hepatica)

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of Black Disease?

A

Respiratory distress
Anorexia
Fever
Often found dead

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Black Disease?

A

Tetracycline LA200

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10
Q

How is Black Disease diagnosed?

A

Culture (gram-positive organism)

Necropsy

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11
Q

How is Black Disease prevented?

A

Vaccine

Prevent liver flukes

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12
Q

What is considered a reproductive disease because it causes abortions?

A

Brucellosis

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13
Q

What is the causative agent of Brucellosis?

A

Brucella ovis & Brucella melitensis in sheep

Brucella melitensis & Brucella abortus in goats

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Brucellosis?

A 
Abortion
Epididymitis
Lameness
Mastitis
Diarrhea
Depression
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15
Q

How is Brucellosis diagnosed?

A

Agglutination tests or complement fixation

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16
Q

How is Brucellosis treated?

A

It is not

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17
Q

Is Brucellosis zoonotic?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is the causative agent of Caseous Lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Abscessation of lymph nodes
Abscesses in internal organs

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19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Caseous Lymphadenitis?

A

Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Cough
Weight Loss

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20
Q

How is Caseous lymphadenitis diagnosed?

A

Culture from transtracheal wash
Radiographs
Necropsy (walled off abscess)

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21
Q

What is the treatment of Caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Management

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22
Q

What reportable, reproductive disease is spread through oronasal contact with aborted tissues, vaginal discharge and contaminated neonates?

A

Chlamydophilosis

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23
Q

What is the causative agent of Chlamydophilosis?

A

Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci)

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24
Q

What is Chlamydophilosis otherwise known as?

A

Enzoonotic Abortion in Ewes

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25
What are the clinical signs of Chlamydophilosis?
``` Abortion Weak or still born lambs Pneumonia Keratoconjunctivitis Epididymitis Polyarthritis ```
26
How is Chlamydophilosis diagnosed?
ELISA Fluorescent antibody staining PCR Culture isolation
27
How is Chlamydophilosis treated?
Oxytetracycline Isolation of females that have aborted Fetal tissue or placenta should be burned or buried Management
28
What is the causative agent of Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium perfringesnes
29
What are the clinical signs of Clostridium perfringens?
Diarrhea
30
What are the types of Clostridium perfringens and what do they have to do with?
A, B, C,D | Has to due with the toxins
31
Type B Clostridium perfringens
Lamb dystentery
32
Type C Clostridium perfringens
Most commonly affects goats
33
Type D Clostridium perfringens
Usually seen in feedlot lambs | Associated with high concentrate diet
34
How is Clostridium perfringens diagnosed?
Clinical signs | Necropsy
35
How is Clostridium perfringens treated?
Management
36
Is there prevention for Clostridium perfringens?
Yes, a vaccine
37
What is the causative agent of Joint Ill?
Mixed bacterial infection - Staphylococci - Streptococci - Corynebacterium spp - Actinomyces - Coliform bacteria
38
What are the clinical signs of Joint ill?
``` Warm, painful, swollen joints Lameness Fever Umbilical cord abscessation Leukocytosis with left shift ```
39
How is joint ill diagnosed?
Clinical signs | Culture and sensitivity
40
What is the treatment of joint ill?
Antibiotics and joint flushing
41
Who does joint ill primarily affect?
Kids
42
What reportable disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis?
Paratuberculosis ( Johne's Disease)
43
What does paratuberculosis cause?
Granulomatous enteritis (cobblestone appearance of intestinal lining)
44
What disease has a characteristic "Saw horse stance" and lambs can get it post elastrator castration?
Tetanus
45
What is the causative agent of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies?
Prion | Scrapie
46
What is Prion?
A misfolded protein that gets into the brain
47
What sheep are most commonly diagnosed with Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies?
Suffolk sheep
48
What are the clinical signs of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE)
``` Wool or hair loss Ataxia Weight loss Starring Aggressiveness Floppy ears Tremors Seizures Inability to swallow Death ```
49
How is Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy diagnosed?
Finding the prion protein with an immunostaining of lymphoid tissue
50
What is the treatment of TSE?
There is none
51
What is TSE similar to?
Mad cow disease | Reportable
52
What is the causative agent for the reporductive disease Vibrosis?
Campylobacter jejuni | Campylobacter fetus
53
What are the clinical signs of Vibrosis?
Late-term abortion Stillbirths Weak lambs
54
How is vibrosis diagnosed?
Culture on aborted tissue
55
What is the treatment for Vibrosis?
Antibiotics | Vaccination
56
What is the causative agent for Toxoplasma?
Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan)
57
What are the clinical signs of Toxoplasma?
``` Fetal death Abortion Embryonic death Stillbirth Weak nonviable neonates ```
58
How is Toxoplasma diagnosed?
Serologic tests (ELISA)
59
What is the treatment for Toxoplasma?
Prevent cat access to sheep areas
60
What about Toxoplasma in sheep and goats is infectious to humans?
Aborted tissues may be infectious to humans
61
What is the causative agent of Blue tongue, a reproductive and reportable disease?
Orbivirus
62
What is responsible for transmitting the virus that causes Bluetongue?
Culicoides gnat
63
What are the clinical signs of Blue tongue?
Ulcerations on the mouth or nose Lame Fever Abortion
64
How is Bluetongue diagnosed?
viral isolation
65
How is Blue tongue treated?
Insect control
66
What is the causative agent of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis (CAE) a reportable disease?
Retroviral
67
What are the clinical signs of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis (CAE)
Neurologic Arthritic Mastitic
68
How is CAE diagnosed?
AGID CS Necropsy
69
How is CAE transmitted?
Primarily from doe to kid via colostrum
70
What is the treatment of CAE?
There is none
71
What is a highly zoonotic disease that causes pustular dermatitis?
``` Contagious Ecthyma (aka ORF) Poxvirus ```
72
What are the clinical signs of contagious Ecthyma?
Lesions in oral cavity, eyelids, feet and teats | lameness
73
How is contagious ecthyma diagnosed?
Clinical signs
74
How is contagious ecthyma diagnosed?
Secondary bacterial infections and supportive care
75
What is the causative agent for Ovine Progressive Pneumonia?
Retroviridae family
76
What are the clinical signs of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia?
``` Coughing Bronchial exudates Anorexia Fever Depression Encephalitis Mastitis ```
77
How is Ovine Progressive Pneumonia diagnosed?
Necropsy ELISA AGID Virus isolation
78
What is the treatment for Ovine Progressive Pneumonia?
None
79
What are the causative agents for Entropion?
``` Congenital Trauma Severe dehydration Weight loss Painful ocular conditions ```
80
What are the clinical signs of Entropion?
``` Blepharospasm Photophobia Epiphora Keratoconjunctivitis Eye rubbing ```
81
How is Entropion diagnosed?
Clinical signs
82
What is the treatment for Entropion?
Surgery | Antibiotics
83
What is also known as Spider Lamb Syndrome?
Hereditary Chondrodysplasia
84
What is the causative agent for Hereditary Chondrodysplasia?
Inheritable
85
What are the clinical signs of Hereditary Chondrodysplasia?
Skeletal defects are primarily seen in Suffolk or Hampshire breeds
86
What is the causative agent for Metritis?
Clostridium spp
87
What are the clinical signs of Metritis?
Vaginal discharge
88
How is Metritis diagnosed?
Clinical signs
89
How is Metritis treated?
Prostaglandins and oxytocin Antibiotics Uterine lavage or flushing

Large Animal (40 decks)

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