Common menstrual disorders Flashcards
(53 cards)
When is menarche usually? menstrual period
around 13 years old in the United States.
What happens during mensration in all the hormones?
↓ Estrogen(E2) & Progesterone (P4)- stimulates hypothalamus (GnRh)
↑ GnRH stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
↑ FSH stimulates development of the ovarian follicles= ↑ovarian production of E2
Slight midcycle ↓ E2 triggers GnRH to stimulate the anterior pit to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH)
A Surge of LH and small ↑ E2 stimulates ovulation. If fertilization doesn’t occur- E2 & P4 decrease and the corpus luteum regresses
What happens in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
- Follicular phase
- Before ovulation FSH & E2 cause development of 1-30 follicles
- LH causes 1 oocyte to mature and is released (usually around day 14)
What happens in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
Luteal Phase
- Begins after ovulation- ends with menstruation
- Corpus luteum secretes E2/P4= peak day 8
- Corpus luteum regresses without conception
What’s the MENSTRUAL PHASE of the endometrial cycle?
The shedding of the functional endometrium
Whats the PROLIFERATIVE PHASE of the endometrial cycle?
E2 causes- Rapid endometrial growth
What’s the SECRETORY PHASE of the endometrial cycle?
P4 causes endometrium to thicken- ↑ blood
What’s the ISCHEMIC PHASE of the endometrial cycle?
Spasm and necrosis of the functional layer of the endometriuum
The surge of which hormone causes Which hormone is responsible for the maturation and release of an oocyte at midcycle?
LH
What is Amenorrhea?
Absence of menstrual flow
Primary and Secondary cause for Amenorrhea?
primary: anatomical, disease
process
secondary: pregnancy
s/s of amenorrhea? what’s the assessment?
s/s: absence of menstruation
assessment: history and exam
What is hypogonadotropic?
and what is the cause?
Absence of menstrual flow due to hypothalamic suppression
Etiology: stress, low weight range, excessive exercise.
S/S of hypogonadoptropic amenorrhea?
S/S: absence of menstruation
assessment and management for hypogonadotropic amenorrhea?
Assessment: history & physical examination; Hcg, FSH, TSH, prolactin
Management: Counseling & education regarding stress, exercise, and weight loss. ** OCA’s, Ca supplements
What is dysmenorrhea?
Pain during or shortly before menstruation
What is primary dysmenorrhea and what is the cause?
Abnormally increased uterine activity
Etiology: Physiologic alteration; prostaglandin excess
S/S of primary dysmenorrhea?
S& S: severe cramps, back pain, GI sx
Management of primary dysmenorrhea?
Management: Alleviating discomfort Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs OCA’s Education
What is secondary dysmenorrhea? and whats the cause?
Acquired menstrual pain associated with possible pelvic pathology
Etiology: Adenomyosis, Endometriosis, PID, fibroids
What are the S/S of secondary dysmenorrhea and what is the assessment?
S&S: heavy mentrual flow, dull lower abd ache
Assessment:
Pelvic exam/ USG exam
What is the management of secondary dysmenorrhea?
Management:
Treatment directed to removal of underlying pathology.
Comfort: NSAIDS, OCA’s, diet, exercise, heating pads
When a nurse is counseling a woman for primary dysmenorrhea, which nonpharmacologic intervention might be recommended?
D. Using a heating pad on the abdomen to relieve cramping
***double check for the answer.
What is PMS premenstrual syndrome?
cyclic symptoms occurring in luteal phase of menstrual cycle.
when you’re cray cray
