Common Paediatric Problems Flashcards
(78 cards)
top 10 reasons for GP referral
growth concerns UTI constipation abdominal pain headaches funny turns heart murmur food allergies and intolerances minor abnormalities asthma
causes of short stature
familial
if obese consider endocrine cause (red flag)
UTI red flags
younger frequent non E.coli FH of renal disease poor growth/general health poor flow voiding problems/constipation spinal abnormality raised BP renal tract abnormalities abdominal mass
management of constipation
laxatives
attention to diet
toileting advice
red flags in constipation
no passage of meconium more than 24 hours after birth
abdominal pain diagnoses not to miss
Coeliac’s
IBD
malrotation
intermittent volvulus
red flags in abdominal pain
weight loss deceleration in linear growth GI blood loss significant vomiting (especially if bilious) chronic diarrhoea unexplained fever FH of IBD mouth ulcers perianal disease
red flags for headache
worse on waking/coughing/ bending associated vomiting visual change gait disturbance cranial nerve palsy
examples of funny turns causes
seizure
breath-holding
reflex anoxic seizure
night terror
red flags for cardiac syncope
known congenital HD syncope during exercise/ when supine FH of sudden death prolonged QT or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy syncope preceded by palpitations heart murmur
features of an innocent heart murmur
systolic
low intensity
2nd left ICS
medial to apex or beneath clavicle (continuous venous hum that disappears when supine)
red flags for heart murmur
diastolic loud harsh thrill radiates other symptoms
what are examples of minor abnormalities
abnormal growth
abnormal development
when is asthma more likely in a child?
atopic disease FH widespread wheeze worse at night/early morning exercise and other triggers
what are four surgical problems in neonates?
meconium ileus
jejunal atresia
inguinal hernia
malrotation with volvulus
what causes meconium ileus?
intraluminal obstruction
presentation of meconium ileus
vomiting
no opening of bowels for more than 24 hours after birth
doughy abdomen
diagnosis of meconium ileus
XR enema contrast shows soap bubble sign
narrow bowel that has never been used
common cause of meconium ileus
CF
what is jejunal atresia?
dead end
presentation of jejunal atresia
vomiting
no stool passage
bowel stretching
diagnosis of jejunal atresia
XR shows enlarged bowel (compare with size of vertebrae)
what is an inguinal hernia
outer wall obstruction
presentation of inguinal hernia
loss of groin creases on affected side
risks perforation
