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Cardio > Common S/SX of Pulmonary dse > Flashcards

Common S/SX of Pulmonary dse Flashcards

1
Q

Rapid breathing characterized by increased respiratory rate (>24 cpm)

A

Tachypnea

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2
Q

Coughing up of mucus or phlegm from the lungs, often associated with respiratory infection or chronic lung conditions

A

Sputum production

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3
Q

High-pitched whistling sound produced during breathing, typically indicating narrowed airways or obstruction.

A

Wheezing

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4
Q

Pain or discomfort in the chest area

A

Chest pain

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5
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes

A

Cyanosis

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6
Q

Persistent feeling of tiredness or weakness

A

Fatigue

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7
Q

Enlargement and round of fingertips, associated with chronic hypoxia

A

Clubbing of fingers

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8
Q

Clubbing of Fingers is aka

A

Hippocratic fingers

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9
Q

Nail bed angle that indicates clubbing of fingers

A

Above 180 degrees

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10
Q

Act of forcefully expelling air from the lungs

A

Cough

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11
Q

Duration of acute cough

A

< 3 wks

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12
Q

Duration of subacute cough

A

3-8 wks

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13
Q

Duration of chronic cough

A

> 8 wks

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14
Q

Common causes of acute cough

A

Respiratory tract infection or aspiration event
Inhalation of noxious chemicals or smoke

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15
Q

Common causes of subacute cough

A

Residuum from tracheobronchitis

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16
Q

Common causes of chronic cough

A

Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Infectious
Cardiovascular etiology

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17
Q

Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract

A

Hemoptysis

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18
Q

Color of blood from the respiratory tract

A

Bright red, foamy

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19
Q

Color of blood from the GIT

A

Dark red or coffee colored

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20
Q

Causes of hemoptysis

A

Bronchitis
Aspergilloma
Tumor
TB
Lung Abscess
Pulmonary Embolus

Coagulopathy
Autoimmune/AV malformation/Alveolar hemorrhage
Mitral Stenosis
Pneumonia

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21
Q

Shortness of breath

A

Dyspnea

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22
Q

Pathophysiology of chest tightness or constriction

A

Bronchoconstriction
Interstitial edema

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23
Q

Pathophysiology of increased work or effort of breathing

A

Airway obstruction (COPD, uncontrolled asthma)
Neuromuscular disease

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24
Q

Pathophysiology of air hunger, need to breathe, or urge to breathe

A

Heart failure
Pulmonary embolism
Mod-severe airflow obstruction

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25
Q

Pathophysiology of cannot get a deep breath, unsatisfying breathing

A

Hyperinflation
Restricted TV

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26
Q

Pathophysiology of heavy, rapid breathing

A

Deconditioned

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27
Q

Common indicator of heart failure

A

Orthopnea

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28
Q

Highly suggestive of heart failure

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

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29
Q

It is typical among patients with COPD, interstitial lung disease, and chronic thromboembolic dse

A

Chronic persistent dyspnea

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30
Q

A clinical condition characterized by dyspnea and hypoxemia. It worsens in upright position and improves in supine position

A

Platypnea

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31
Q

Platypnea is suggestive of what disease?

A

Left atrial myxoma
Hepatopulmonary syndrome

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31
Q

Where is the pulmonary pain pattern localized?

A

Substernal or chest region over the involved lung

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32
Q

Where can pulmonary pain radiate to?

A

Neck
Upper trapezius
Costal margins
Thoracic back
Scapula/Shoulder

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33
Q

Pain felt over the neck and anterior chest

A

Tracheobronchial pain

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34
Q

Sharp, localized pain during respiratory movements

A

Pleural pain

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35
Q

How can pleural pain be relieved?

A

Positioning the patient in side-lying position

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36
Q

Pain felt along the costal margins

A

Diaphragmatic pain

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37
Q

A type of diaphragmatic pain felt in the lumbar region

A

Peripheral

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38
Q

A type of diaphragmatic pain that radiates towards the upper trapezius and ipsilateral shoulder

A

Centralized

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39
Q

Type of breathing common in men and children

A

Diaphragmatic

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40
Q

Normal sputum production

A

100 mL/day

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40
Q

Type of breathing common in women

A

Costal breathing

41
Q

Indication of a rusty sputum

A

Pneumonia

41
Q

Indication of red/scarlet red sputum

A

Blood/Hemoptysis

41
Q

Indication of a thick, green, musty smelling sputum

A

Pseudomonas
Infection

42
Q

Indication of a pink-frothy sputum

A

Pulmonary edema

42
Q

Indication of a purplish sputum

A

neoplasm

43
Q

Indication of a purulent, yellow sputum

A

Infection

44
Q

Indication of a flecked (dark) sputum

A

Carbon particles

45
Q

Palpation of the upper lobe of the lungs

A

Thumb: sternal notch
Fingers: above the clavicle

46
Q

Palpation of the R Middle Lobes and Lingula

A

Thumbs: Xiphoid
Fingers: Lateral ribs

47
Q

Palpation of the lower lobes of the lungs

A

Thumb: lower thoracic spine
Fingers: Lateral ribs

48
Q

Checking of the vibration of the chest wall

A

Tactile Fremitus

49
Q

Cause of increased tactile fremitus

A

Lung consolidation

50
Q

Cause of decreased fremitus

A

Excess air in lungs
Thickened lung walls

51
Q

Indication of dull and flat response during percussion

A

Greater than normal amount of slid matter in lungs compared to the amount of air

52
Q

Indication of a hyperresonant response in percussion

A

There is greater amount of air in the area than normal (emphysema)

53
Q

Where is tracheal breath sound auscultated?

A

Trachea

54
Q

Description of a tracheal breath sound

A

Equal inspiration and expiration; loud, high pitched, and hollow short pause between inspiration and expiration;

55
Q

Where to auscultate to find a bronchial breath sound?

A

Over the manubrium or in between scapulae

56
Q

Description of a bronchial breath sound

A

Similar to tracheal but inspiration is shorter than expiration

57
Q

Where to auscultate when finding for a bronchovesicular breath sound?

A

Over large airways near sternum or in between the scapulae

58
Q

Description of a bronchovesicular breath sound

A

Inspiration and expiration should be equal in duration; lower intensity than bronchial; medium-pitched, and no pause between inspiration and expiration

59
Q

Where to auscultate when looking for a vesicular breath sound?

A

Over the peripheral lung tissue

60
Q

Description of a vesicular breath sound

A

Longer inspiration with short expiration; relatively faint and low-pitched; no pause between inspiration and expiration;

61
Q

An abnormal transmission of spoken words. The patient is asked to say the letter “E” or 99.

A

Bronchophony

62
Q

The nasal, bleating sound of spoken or whispered words auscultated over the consolidated lung tissue

A

Egophony

63
Q

Abnormal transmission of whispered syllables that normally cannot be heard distinctly. Examining this requires the pt to whisper “one, two, three”

A

Pectoriloquy

64
Q

Abnormal breath sounds

A

Bronchophony
Egophony
Pectoriloquy

65
Q

Normal breath sounds

A

Tracheal
Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular

66
Q

Where can crackles be auscultated?

A

m/c in dependent lobes; R an L lung bases

67
Q

Description of crackles

A

Fine, short, interrupted crackling sounds heard during end of inspiration, expiration or both

68
Q

Another name for crackles

A

Rales

69
Q

Where can Rhonchii be auscultated?

A

Over the trachea and bronchi

70
Q

Description of Rhonchii

A

Loud, low-pitched, continuous sounds heard more during expiration

71
Q

Another name for Rhonchii

A

Sonorous wheeze

72
Q

Where can wheezes be auscultated?

A

Heard over all lung fields

73
Q

Description of wheezes

A

High-pitched, musical sounds like a squeak heard continuously during inspiration or expiration

74
Q

Another name for wheezes

A

Sibilant wheeze/Stridor

75
Q

Where can pleural friction rub be auscultated?

A

Heard over the lateral lung field

76
Q

Description of pleural friction rub

A

Grating quality heard best during inspiration; heard loudest over lower lateral anterior surface

77
Q

Indication of Stridor

A

A medical emrgency

78
Q

Increased volume of air taken in

A

Hyperpnea

79
Q

Gradual increase and decrease in respirations with periods of apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes

80
Q

Abnormal breathing pattern with groups of rapid respiration with equal depths and regular apnea periods

A

Biot’s

81
Q

Tachypnea and Hyperpnea

A

Kussmaul’s

82
Q

Prolong inspiratory base with a prolonged expiratory base

A

Apneustic

83
Q

A routine chest radiography

A

Chest radiography

84
Q

What are being evaluated in a chest radiography?

A

Parenchyma
Pleura
Airways
Mediastinum

85
Q

What views of chest radiography are taken in an upright position?

A

Posteroanterior
Lateral

86
Q

Advantages of a PA chest radiography view

A

Decreased radiation to thyroid
Better visualization of the lung fields

87
Q

When is a lateral decubitus view used in chest radiography?

A

To determine pleural abnormalities

88
Q

When is an Apicolordotic view used in chest radiography?

A

visualize disease at the lung apices

89
Q

m/c pulmonary function test

A

Spirometry

90
Q

What is the purpose of doing Spirometry?

A

Measures how much an individual can move air in and out of the lungs

91
Q

What is the purpose of doing an Ultrasound in pulmonary assessment?

A

Can detect & localize pleural abnormalities and peripheral lung parenchyma

92
Q

Disadvantages of using a high-resolution CT scan

A

Higher radiation exposure

93
Q

In what condition is HRCT commonly used?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

94
Q

What diagnostic used for evaluation of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)?

A

Ventilation-Perfusion Lung scanning

95
Q

How is a pulmonary angiography administered?

A

Injected through a catheter

96
Q

What is the purpose of using pulmonary angiography?

A

Detect areas with occlusion due to pulmonary embolism

97
Q

Allows direct visualization of tracheobronchial tree and evaluation of bronchopulmonary airway segments

A

Bronchoscopy

98
Q

Minimally invasive technique for diagnosis and management of pleural and some parenchymal lung diseases

A

Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)

Cardio (15 decks)

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