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Microbiology > Communication - L4A > Flashcards

Communication - L4A Flashcards

1
Q

what is signal transduction?

A
  • external signal detected by a surface protein
  • then passes through a regulatory machinery
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2
Q

what is a signal?

A

small organic compound which passes through membranes

Obtains a bioactive response

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3
Q

what do two component regulatory systems: usually contain?

A

sensor histidine kinase and response regulator

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4
Q

how are microbes social?

A
  • In the lab typically grown in isolation
  • Not mimicking natural environment
  • Microbes live in heterogeneous communities
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5
Q

what do sensor kinase respond to?

A

environmental signal and gets phosphorylated?

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6
Q

what is phosphate transferred to?

A

response regulator which binds to DNA

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7
Q

how does E.coli send osmotic pressure?

A
  1. EnvZ senses change in osmotic pressure
  2. EnvZ autophosphorylates
  3. EnvZ transfers phosphate to OmpR
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8
Q

what happens when there’s a high osmotic pressure?

A

phosphorylated ompr REPRESSES transcription of ompF gene and activated ompC transcription

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9
Q

what happens when there’s a low osmotic pressure?

A

phosphorylated ompR DRIVES transcription of ompF gene

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10
Q

what are examples of global regulatory systems?

A
  • Pho regulon
  • Heat shock response
  • General stress response
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11
Q

what is quorum sensing?

A

A regulatory mechanism responding to population density

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12
Q

what is quorum

A

sufficient numbers

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13
Q

what does quorum sensing control?

A
  • Control of virulence gene expression e.g adhesion proteins, toxins
  • Control of biofilm activities
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14
Q

what are biofilms?

A
  • Polymicrobial aggregates
  • cells are embedded within self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (ESPs)
  • adhere to each other and/or surface
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15
Q

what is some safety in the biofilm?

A
  • Resistant to antibiotics
  • Collective protection
  • Nutrition from metabolites
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16
Q

What are autoinducers made from

A

bacteria in response to an environmental cue

17
Q

what happens when autoinducres enter another bacteria

A

they bind to an activator protein driving gene transcription

18
Q

how do autoinducers work

A
  • produced inside cell and secreted
  • enter a new cell
  • bind to a response regulator
19
Q

what is a specialised metabolite

A

small molecule produced by all cells but not involved in primary metabolism

20
Q

what do specialised metabolites help bacteria survive

A

bacteria survive stress
bacteria survive

Microbiology (15 decks)

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