Community Ecology

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

all the organisms that live together in a specific place

Question 2

Primary productivity

Answer 2

amount of energy produced

Question 3

Assemblage is

Answer 3

Assemblage

Question 4

Individualistic concept

Answer 4

a community is nothing more than an aggregation of species that happen to occur together at one place
ecologist favor this theory

Question 5

Ecotones are

Answer 5

places where the environment changes abruptly

Question 6

Interspecific competition is

Answer 6

occurs when two species attempt to use the same resource and there is not enough resource to satisfy both

Question 7

Interference competition is

Answer 7

physical interactions occur when competing over access to resources: fighting, defense of territory

Question 8

occurs when two species compete to consume the same resources

Answer 8

Exploitative competition

Question 9

difference between fundamental and realized ninche

Answer 9

fundamental is the entire niche that the species is able to use, while realized niche is the actual set of enviromental conditions that they can establish a stable population

Question 10

Species may divide up the resources, this is called

Answer 10

resource partitioning

Question 11

Principle of competitive exclusion:

Answer 11

if two species are competing for a limited resource, the species that uses the resource more efficiently will eventually eliminate the other locally

Question 12

predations causes

Answer 12

coevolution

Question 13

if two species are competing for a limited resource, the species that uses the resource more efficiently will eventually eliminate the other locally

Answer 13

Discovered palatable insects that resembled brightly colored, distasteful species

Question 14

Müllerian mimicry is

Answer 14

Discovered that several unrelated but poisonous species come to resemble one another

Question 15

Symbiosis

Answer 15

two or more kinds of organisms interact in more-or-less permanent relationships

Question 16

commensalism

Answer 16

one plus, other 0

Question 17

mutalism

Answer 17

plus plus

Question 18

Parasitism

Answer 18

plus, negative

Question 19

Keystone species:

Answer 19

species whose effects on the composition of communities are greater than one might expect based on their abundance

Question 20

Succession

Answer 20

is the process of ecosystems changing from a simple to a more complex structure

Question 21

Primary succession:

Answer 21

occurs on bare, lifeless substrate
Pioneer community
Open water
Ex. eutrophication in oligotrophic lakes
Rocks
Ex. lichens colonizing after volcanic eruption
Organisms gradually move into an area and change its nature
Successional stages or seres

Question 22

Secondary succession

Answer 22

: occurs in areas where an existing community has been disturbed but organisms still remain

Question 23

Tolerance in secondary succession

Answer 23

early successional species are characterized by r-selected species tolerant of harsh conditions

Question 24

Facilitation in secondary succession

Answer 24

early successional species introduce local changes in the habitat. K-selected species replace r-selected species

Question 25

Inhibition in secondary succession

Answer 25

changes in the habitat caused by one species inhibits the growth of the original species

Question 26

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 26

communities experiencing moderate amounts of disturbance will have higher levels of species richness than communities experiencing either little or great amounts of disturbance

Question 27

Climax community

Answer 27

is the eventual stable point of succession