companion document

Question 1

_______________ = Low blood volume

Cause: Severe bleeding or dehydration

Why it matters: Without enough blood, the heart can’t pump oxygen to the body.

Answer 1

hypovolemia

Question 2

______________________ = Too much acid in the blood

Cause: Poor breathing, kidney failure, or prolonged cardiac arrest

Why it matters: Acidic blood messes with how the heart and muscles work.

Answer 2

hydrogen ion (acidosis)

Question 3

______________________ = Too much or too little potassium

Cause: Kidney problems, medication, or poor diet

Why it matters: Potassium affects the heart’s rhythm — too high or too low can cause arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat).

Answer 3

Hyperkalemia/hypokalemia

Question 4

________________= Poison or drug overdose

Cause: Drug overdose (like opioids, antidepressants), alcohol, or chemicals

Why it matters: Toxins can slow or stop the heart or breathing.

Answer 4

Toxins

Question 5

________________ = Collapsed lung that puts pressure on the heart

Cause: Trauma to the chest or spontaneous collapse

Why it matters: It traps air in the chest, squeezing the heart and lungs, making it hard to breathe or pump blood.

Answer 5

Tension Pneumothorax

Question 6

_________________ = Blood clot in the lungs (PE)

Cause: A blood clot travels to the lung

Why it matters: Blocks blood from reaching the lungs, reducing oxygen to the body and heart.

Answer 6

Thrombosis (pulmonary)

Question 7

__________________= Heart attack (clot in the heart)

Cause: A blockage in the heart’s arteries

Why it matters: Cuts off blood to part of the heart muscle, leading to cardiac arrest.

Answer 7

Thrombosis (coronary)