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Large Animal Yr1 > Comparative dentition > Flashcards

Comparative dentition Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the deciduous dental forumla for Cow?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3
(x2) = 20

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2
Q

What is the permanent dental forumla for Cow?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3 M 3/3
(x2) = 32

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3
Q

What is the deciduous dental forumla for Sheep?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3
(x2) = 20

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4
Q

What is the permanent dental forumla for Sheep?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3 M 3/3
(x2) = 32

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5
Q

What is the deciduous dental forumla for Pigs?

A

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 4/4
(x2) = 32

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6
Q

What is the permanent dental forumla for Pigs?

A

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 4/4 M 3/3
(x2) = 44

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7
Q

What is the foals’s dental forumla for Horse?

A

I 3/3 C 0/0 PM 3/3
(x2) = 24

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8
Q

What is the Mature male’s dental forumla for Horse?

A

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3(or 4)/3 M 3/3
(x2) = 40 (- 42)

WT = Wolf Tooth

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9
Q

What is the Mature female’s dental forumla for Horse?

A

I 3/3 C 0/0 PM 3(or 4)/ 3 M 3/3
(x2) = 36 - 40

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10
Q

What is a dental arcade?

A

A series or arches + how the teeth are arranged within the oral cavity

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11
Q

How many dental archades are there in the oral caivity?

A

2

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12
Q

Name the 2 bones that are associated with the 2 dental arcades?

A
  • Top arcade = Maxilla
  • Bottom arcade = Mandible
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13
Q

What is meant by the term Diastema

A

A gap in the teeth between the incisors + cheek teeth

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14
Q

What are Hypsodont teeth?

A

Teeth with:
* Deep roots
* Tall crowns
* No discernable neck
* Straight sides

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15
Q

What are Brachydont teeth?

A

Teeth with:

  • Short roots
  • Short crowns
  • Discernable neck
  • Curved edges
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16
Q

What are Heterodont teeth?

A

Hetero = different

Vairous different types of teeth that have specialised functions

(I, C, PM, M)

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17
Q

“Di-phyo-dont” = ‘DIffyodont’

What are Diphyodont teeth?

A

Di = 2

Describes teeth that go through 2 cycles - deciduous + permanent

Think D for Deciduous

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18
Q

How does poor molar health impact a Ewe?

A

It is detrimental for both lamb + ewe, as they cannot maintain their nutritional health, energy or milk for the lamb

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19
Q

What percentage of male horses have wolf teeth?
+
What percentage of female horses wolf havve teeth?

A
  • Male horses = 15%
  • Female horses = 25%
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20
Q

Where are the Incisors located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Front of the mouth
+
Function:
* Biting
* Cutting
* Fine nibbling
* Grooming

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21
Q

Where are the Canines located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Between the incisors + premolars
+
Function:
* Grip prey
* Tusks in Pigs
* In male Horses

Note =
* Not present in all species
* In carnivores

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22
Q

Where are the Premolars located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Between the canines + molars
+
Function:
* Known as ‘Cheek’ teeth
* Grinding food

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23
Q

Where are the Molars located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Back of the mouth + after the premolars
+
Function:
* Grinding food
* Not present in deciduous teeth

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24
Q

What is the function of the wolf teeth in horses?

A
  • No known function!
  • Vestigal teeth
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25
Why are wolf teeth sometimes **removed** in horses?
* Because they can interfere with the **bit** * Can **cut** the mouth's **soft tissues**, needing **filed down**
26
How many hours a day do horses typically **graze** for?
**18** hrs
27
True or False. **Cheek teeth**, otherwise known as premolars, **slowly erupt** throughout the **horses** life.
True
28
True or False. Almost the **entire** **hypsodont** tooth is **covered** in **rigid** **enamel**.
True!
29
What can **wear patterns** + tooth **shape** tell you about the **horse**?
Their **age**
30
**When** do wolf teeth **develop** in the horse?
From: **18 months** > **5 years**
31
At what age do **cows** 1st Incisor **erupt**?
**18** - **24** months
32
At what age do **cows** 2nd Incisor **erupt**?
**24** - **30** months
33
At what age do **cows** 3rd Incisor **erupt**?
**36** months
34
At what age do **cows** 4th Incisor **erupt**?
**24** - **48** months
35
Do **cows** have **upper incisors**?
No
36
What **replaces** a cow's **deciduous** **incisors**?
A **Hard pad** of tissue, known as a **dental pad**
37
True or False. The cow's **deciduous lower canines **develop into **9 lower incisors**.
False, they develop into **8**!
38
What **type** of incisors do **cows** have?
Brachydont
39
Do cows have **canines**?
No
40
Do cows **cut** or **break** grass?
Break!
41
How do cows **chew** their herbivorous diet?
From chewing from **side to side** (vertically)
42
How many **hours** do cows **graze** for?
**8** - **10** hrs
43
How many **hours** do cows **ruminate** for?
**8** - **10** hrs
44
True or False. The **canine** teeth usually appear only in **male horses**; the canine teeth are usually **regressed** or **absent** in **mares**.
True!
45
What type of teeth are the wolf teeth?
Small premolars
46
True or False. The wolf teeth is most commonly seen in the **upper jaw**, sometimes in the **lower jaw** + can be **unilateral** or **bilateral**.
True!
47
How many mm does the occulusal surfaces wear down per year, by mastication, in the Horse?
2 - 3 mm
48
True or False. All teeth grow continually in the horse.
True
49
What term is used to describe the horses teeth?
Hypsodontal
50
What does Hypsodontal mean?
They do not have a layer of enamel over the top or occlusal surface
51
What is the occlusal surface of the tooth?
The surface of the tooth that is used for chewing or grinding
52
What happens to hypsodontal teeth over time?
* The enamel + softer dentine provide a effcient grinding surface that wears down with age + use
53
What are the 3 signs of age + use in hypsodontal teeth, in Horses?
1. Marks 1. Stars 1. Grooves
54
How can you tell the age of the horse?
By the quality of their teeth, due to the marks, stars + grooves of the hypsodontal teeth
55
What 2 types of teeth does 'cheek teeth' refer to in the horse?
1. Premolars 2. Molars
56
How many premolars + molars are there in the horse, in each jaw ?
6 premolars + 6 molars
57
At what age do wolf teeth develop in the horse?
Between: 18 months > 5 years old
58
Which of the following animals have **Hypsodont** teeth? A. Cow B. Sheep C. Horse D. Pig
A. Cow B. Sheep C. Horse
59
Which of the following animals have **Brachydont** teeth? A. Cow B. Sheep C. Horse D. Pig
D. Pig
60
Which of the following animals have both Brachydont + Hypsodont teeth and why? A. Cow B. Sheep C. Horse D. Pig
C. Horse D. Pig + * The Horse has canine teeth, the **wolf** teeth and they are brachydont, whereas the rest are hypsodont * The Pig has canine teeth, the **tusks** and they are brachydont, whereas the rest are hypsodont

Large Animal Yr1 (16 decks)

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