Compendium 4 - Respiratory system

Question 1

what are the 5 functions/processes of the respiratory system

Answer 1

1. respiration
2. regulating blood ph
3. sound production
4. olfaction
5. protection

Question 2

what are the structures of the respiratory tract (from superior to inferior.

Answer 2

nares(nostrils) - nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - Alveolar duct - Alveoli

Question 3

what are the classifications of the respiratory tract and what parts are they broken into.

Answer 3

1. Structural Classification - upper tract + lower tract
2. Functional classification - conducting zone + respiratory zone

Question 4

what structures define the bounds of the structural classification (of the respiratory tract)

Answer 4

upper = nostrils to pharynx
lower = larynx to alveoli

Question 5

what structures are the bounds defining the two Functional classification of the respiratory tract

Answer 5

conducting = nares to terminal bronchioles
respiratory = respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

Question 6

what is the role of the conducting zone (in the functional division of the respiratory tract)

Answer 6

purify and humidify + acclimate air to body temperature

Question 7

what are the structures and their functions in the nasal cavity (9)

Answer 7

sinuses - resonating chambers, make the skull lighter

epithelium containing olfactory receptors - olfaction

conchae (boney ridges) + meatuses (depressions between ridges) - increase surface area (for mucus exposure) and create turbulence.

Vestibule containing coarse hair - filter coarse particles

rich capillary network - acclimate to body temp

cilia - move contaminated mucus towards throat

mucus - traps dust

lysozymes - kill bacteria

Question 8

what are the 3 unpaired cartilages in the larynx

Answer 8

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis cartilage

Question 9

what are the 3 paired cartilages in the larynx

Answer 9

Arytenoid
Corniculate
cuneiform

Question 10

what are the ligaments in the thyroid (vocal chords) connected to

Answer 10

from arytenoid to thyroid cartilage then back to arytenoid

Question 11

what is the name for the gap between the vocal cords

Answer 11

glottis

Question 12

what are the 3 functions of the larynx

Answer 12

• sound production
• air passage to trachea
• direct food into the esophagus

Question 13

what is the carina and what is it’s key feature

Answer 13

the bottom ‘v’ shaped cartilage at the base of the trachea (where bronchi branch off)

it is very sensitive and causes coughing when touched

Question 14

what muscle conducts peristalsis in the trachea

Answer 14

trachealis muscle