COMPONENTS OF THE CELL: MAJOR PARTS OF THE CELL

Question 1

★ no nucleus but has a
nucleoid
★ unicellular
★ does not have membrane
bound organelles
★ DNA suspended on
cytosol

Answer 1

PROKARYOTIC

Question 2

★ has a nucleus
★ multicellular
★ have membrane bound
organelles
★ DNA suspended on nucleus

Answer 2

EUKARYOTIC

Question 3

★ cell’s primary barrier

Answer 3

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 4

★ protects the cytoplasm from external environment

Answer 4

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 5

comprises of phospholipids, cholesterol, membrane
proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins

Answer 5

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 6

plasma membrane mostly consist of

Answer 6

phospholipids

Question 7

○ with a negatively charged phosphate group (sugar,
bases, nucleic acids, RNA) with polar covalent bonds
○ hydrophilic
○ faces outward

Answer 7

★ head

Question 8

two nonpolar fatty acid chains
○ hydrophobic
○ oriented inward and are together shielded from
wate

Answer 8

★ tails

Question 9

these phospholipids group together to form a
two-layered barrier called a

Answer 9

phospholipid bilayer

Question 10

____ phospholipid bilayer makes the
plasma membrane selectively permeable

Answer 10

middle portion

Question 10

what can pass in plasma membrane

Answer 10

lipids and small, nonpolar molecules such as oxygen
and carbon dioxide can freely pass

Question 11

from high concentration solute to low
concentration solute

Answer 11

osmosis

Question 12

proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol
molecules are embedded in the membrane so that they
look like a mosaic

Answer 12

mosaic

Question 13

★ due to the natural viscosity of the membrane,
which allows the protein molecules to freely float and
drift in the membrane

Answer 13

fluidity

Question 14

★ in the fatty acid tail of the phospholipids

Answer 14

kinks

Question 15

○ prevents adjacent phospholipids molecules from
packing too close together which causes the
increase in the fluidity of the bilayer

Answer 15

kinks

Question 16

molecule which act as regulators of fluidity
○ helps w/ stabilizing cell membrane

Answer 16

cholesterol

Question 17

★ - allows passage of molecules and substances

Answer 17

permeable

Question 18

example of permeable:

Answer 18

lipids, alcohol, small molecules (oxygen, nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide)

Question 19

○ is plant cell permeable or impermeable?

Answer 19

permeable

Question 20

is permeable passive or not?

Answer 20

passive

Question 21

no substance can pass

Answer 21

impermeable

Question 22

examples of impermeable:

Answer 22

polar and large molecules (proteins, nucleic acid, amino acids, glucose)

Question 23

★ only solvents can pass through

Answer 23

semi-permeable

Question 24

MEMBRANE PROTEINS

Answer 24

★ channel proteins ★ carrier proteins ★ cell recognition protein ★ receptor proteins

Question 25

allow transport of certain molecules (small molecules) through the membrane selective permeable

Answer 25

★ channel proteins

Question 26

○ forms a channel or passageway that simply allows certain substances to move from one side to the other

Answer 26

★ channel proteins

Question 27

receive certain molecules but change their shape to be able to move these substances across the membrane very specific with the molecules that they transport across the plasma membrane

Answer 27

★ carrier proteins

Question 28

○ helpful in recognizing the presence of pathogens so that certain immune responses can be elicited

Answer 28

cell recognition proteins

Question 29

○ have a shape that allows only specific molecules to bind to them ○ when a molecule binds to a receptor protein, the protein changes its shape which brings about particular cellular responses ○ any shape

Answer 29

receptor proteins

Question 30

system of interconnected protein filaments from their nucleus to the plasma membrane

Answer 30

CYTOSKELETON

Question 31

★ structural framework and support that has diverse functions ★ dynamic network ○ change shape kineme

Answer 31

CYTOSKELETON

Question 32

straight, long, and hollow cylinders that consist of globular proteins called tubulin

Answer 32

MICROTUBULES

Question 33

○ alpha and beta-tubulin proteins come together by forming ____

Answer 33

dimers

Question 34

microtubules released by centrosomes

Answer 34

spindle fibers

Question 35

organized by ___-or MTOCs ○ MTOCs in animal cells are in the form of centrosomes

Answer 35

microtubule-organizing centers

Question 36

maintain cell shape, regulate cellular traffc, and move chromosomes during cell division

Answer 36

MICROTUBULES

Question 37

★ long and flexible fibers composed of actin proteins

Answer 37

MICROFILAMENTS

Question 38

○ `thinnest component of the cytoskeleton ★ occur in a bundle of meshlike networks

Answer 38

MICROTUBULES

Question 39

contains two chains of globular actin monomers twisted into a helical manner

Answer 39

MICROFILAMENTS

Question 40

moves actin filament to have muscle contraction

Answer 40

myosin filament

Question 41

muscle contraction and relaxation ★ support the cell and facilitate movement

Answer 41

MICROFILAMENTS

Question 42

have characteristics that lie between that of microfilaments and microtubules

Answer 42

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

Question 43

★ made of a variety of proteins ★ form a ropelike assembly of fibrous polypeptides

Answer 43

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

Question 44

★ maintain cell shape, anchor the nucleus and other organelles, cell to cell junction, anchor of cell to the environment ★ stronger than actin filaments but less dynamic

Answer 44

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

Question 45

★ entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Answer 45

CYTOPLASM

Question 46

★ where all the subcellular structures are suspended

Answer 46

CYTOPLASM

Question 47

semifluid solution that consists of water and inorganic and organic molecules

Answer 47

cytosol

Question 48

★ rigid structure that surrounds the cell ★ surrounds the cell membrane for extra protection

Answer 48

CELL WALL

Question 49

★ most abundant organic compound

Answer 49

cellulose

Question 50

○ gram positive -

Answer 50

violet

Question 51

○ gram negative -

Answer 51

pink

Question 52

★ plant cells contains ____ like cellulose

Answer 52

mesh

Question 53

○ outer layer of the cell wall ○ contains pectin

Answer 53

★ middle lamella

Question 54

○ helps the cell wall to bind to the plasma membrane

Answer 54

pectin

Question 55

○ between middle lamella and plasma membrane ○ composed of cellulose and microfibrils

Answer 55

★ primary cell wall

Question 56

○ turgor pressure - ________ ○ __________- - base that pulls water in an upward direction in plants ○ transpiration pull - _______-

Answer 56

crunchy plants capillary action trees