COMPONENTS OF THE CELL: SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLES

Question 1

aerobic bacterium -

Answer 1

mitochondria

Question 2

cyanobacterium -

Answer 2

chloroplast

Question 3

★ genetic control of the cell
★ center of the cell

Answer 3

NUCLEUS

Question 4

★ spaghetti-like structure
★ uncoiled chromosomes

Answer 4

CHROMATIN

Question 5

★ rod-like structures
★ coiled

Answer 5

CHROMOSOMES

Question 6

★ semi-fluid matrix of nucleus
★ chromatin and chromosomes are suspended here

Answer 6

NUCLEOPLASM

Question 7

★ separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
★ double membrane that is similar to the plasma
membrane of the cell

Answer 7

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Question 8

★ permit the passage of ribosomal subunits and mRNA out
of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Answer 8

NUCLEAR PORES

Question 9

○ intermediates that carry genetic information from
the DNA

Answer 9

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

Question 10

○ copies the code of the DNA

Answer 10

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

Question 11

○ convert the codons / nucleotides into proteins

Answer 11

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

Question 12

○ mobile molecule that acts as an intermediary for
DNA, which specifies the sequence of amino acids in
a protein

Answer 12

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

Question 13

○ acts as adaptor of amino acid
○ attach to mRNA to create amino acid

Answer 13

★ tRNA - transfer RNA

Question 14

○ participates in the assembly of amino acids into a
polypeptide by recognizing both mRNA and amino
acids during protein synthesis

Answer 14

★ tRNA - transfer RNA

Question 15

○ machine where amino acids join together to create
polypeptide chains then create proteins

Answer 15

★ rRNA - ribosomal RNA

Question 16

★ codons of RNA -

Answer 16

ACGU

Question 17

★ codons of DNA -

Answer 17

ACGT

Question 18

★ start

Answer 18

AUG

Question 19

★ stop

Answer 19

UAG, UGA, UAA

Question 20

★ use instructions from the nucleus, written in mRNA, to
build proteins

Answer 20

RIBOSOMES

Question 21

★ synthesize proteins

Answer 21

RIBOSOMES

Question 22

★ free ribosomes - attached to the

Answer 22

cytosol

Question 23

attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum

Answer 23

bound ribosomes -

Question 24

○ parallel shape
○ cells of pancreas, notochord, brain

Answer 24

★ laminar form / cisternae

Question 25

○ oval shape ○ suspended in the cytoplasm

Answer 25

★ vesicle / vesicular form

Question 26

○ most abundant ○ most of the cells have this structure

Answer 26

★ tubular form

Question 27

★ there are ribosomes attached to it ★ ribosomes produce proteins ★ attached to the nuclear envelope ★ system of membranous channels

Answer 27

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 28

★ synthesizes lipids and phospholipids, cholesterol ★ does not have ribosomes

Answer 28

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 29

★ sorting center ★ tra￾c police

Answer 29

GOLGI BODIES

Question 30

★ warehouse and processing station for products manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 30

GOLGI BODIES

Question 31

made of phospholipids ○ delivers proteins

Answer 31

vesicles

Question 32

★ fusion of secretory vesicles with plasma membrane then discharges proteins outside the cell

Answer 32

exocytosis

Question 33

★ waste disposal system

Answer 33

LYSOSOMES

Question 34

★ membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes

Answer 34

LYSOSOMES

Question 35

★ hydraulic enzymes

Answer 35

cathepsins

Question 36

★ engulfs materials outside the cell like bacterias or foods

Answer 36

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 37

★ hydrolytic enzymes - helps in

Answer 37

digesting

Question 38

PHAGOCYTOSIS ★ lysosome attaches to

Answer 38

phagosomes

Question 39

engulf malfunctioning organelles

Answer 39

AUTOPHAGY

Question 40

membrane-bounded vesicles that enclose enzymes ★ confused with lysosomes

Answer 40

PEROXISOMES

Question 41

PEROXISOMES ★ hydraulic enzymes -

Answer 41

catalase

Question 42

★ ○ harmful for cells ○ catalase break down to water and oxygen

Answer 42

hydrogen peroxide

Question 43

★ responsible for lipid catabolism

Answer 43

PEROXISOMES

Question 44

lipid catabolism

Answer 44

breaking down of lipids and toxins like alcohol

Question 45

★ powerhouse of the cell

Answer 45

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 46

★ generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cells biochemical reactions ★ creates energy through chemical reaction

Answer 46

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 47

★ produced through cellular respiration

Answer 47

adenosine triphosphate

Question 48

energy in photosynthesis is converted to

Answer 48

sugar or glucose

Question 49

light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy and other organic molecules

Answer 49

photosynthesis

Question 50

★ byproduct of photosynthesis:

Answer 50

oxygen

Question 51

★ where photosynthetic activities happen

Answer 51

thylakoid

Question 52

★ stack of thylakoids

Answer 52

granum

Question 53

★ inside of thylakoid

Answer 53

lumen