Conception and Fetal Development

Question 1

the process of egg (ovum) formation

Answer 1

oogeenesis

Question 2

the process of sperm formation

Answer 2

spermatogenesis

Question 3

Two protective layers

Considered fertile for about 24 hours

Answer 3

ovum

Question 4

removal of sperm’s protective coating

Answer 4

Capacitation

Question 5

a cap on the sperm

Answer 5

acrosome

Question 6

first cell of the new individual

Answer 6

zygote

Question 7

16 cells

Answer 7

morula

Question 8

occurs 6-10 days after conception

Answer 8

implantation

Question 9

primary germ layers

Answer 9

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 10

lasts from day 15 until 8 weeks after conception

Most critical time for development

Answer 10

embryo

Question 11

Substances or exposure that causes abnormal development

Answer 11

teratogens

Question 12

Two fetal membranes that surround the developing embryo

Answer 12

Chorion

Amnion

Question 13

functions of amniotic fluid

Answer 13

Warmth
Prevention of contractures
Movement
Respiratory (breathing) and renal development (urination)

Question 14

what is important to monitor about amniotic fluid

Answer 14

Volume is important
Oligohydramnios- too little
Polyhydramnios (hydramnios)

Question 15

Aids in transferring maternal nutrients and oxygen for the first 5-6 weeks

Answer 15

yolk sac

Question 16

components of umbilical cord

Answer 16

Wharton’s jelly

Vessels: 2 arteries and 1 vein

Question 17

when is the structure of the placenta complete

Answer 17

12th week

Question 18

functions of the placenta

Answer 18

Endocrine gland function:
Multiple metabolic functions
Adequate circulation necessary for placental function

Human chorionic gonodotropin (HcG)

Question 19

lasts from 9 wks till pregnancy ends

Answer 19

fetus

Question 20

the capability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus

Answer 20

viability

Question 21

components specific to fetal circulation

Answer 21

Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale

Question 22

describe the fetal respiratory system

Answer 22

Pulmonary surfactants

L/S ratio: used to determine fetal lung maturity

Question 23

when does sex differentiation begin

Answer 23

seventh week

Question 24

from 2 mature ova

Answer 24

dizygotic

Question 25

one ova that divides

Answer 25

monozygotic

Question 26

monozygotic but cleavage incomplete

Answer 26

conjoined

Question 27

how common are twins

Answer 27

1 in 43 births

Question 28

the condition was present at birth

Answer 28

congenital

Question 29

possible causes of congenital issues

Answer 29

``` Environmental factors Poor maternal nutrition Teratogen exposure Inadequate folic acid Genetics ```

Question 30

how many days does human gestation last

Answer 30

approximately 280 days after the last menstrual period or 266 days after conception

Question 31

upper triangular portion of uterus

Answer 31

corpus

Question 32

dome-shaped top of uterus

Answer 32

fundus

Question 33

lower cylindrical portion of uterus

Answer 33

cervix

Question 34

lower uterine segment that separates the corpus from the cervix

Answer 34

isthmus

Question 35

aka uterine tubes

Answer 35

Fallopian tubes

Question 36

layers of the uterine wall

Answer 36

Endometrium Myometrium Peritoneum (partial)

Question 37

primary purpose of the bony pelvis

Answer 37

Protects the pelvic structures Accommodates the growing fetus during pregnancy Anchors the pelvic support structures

Question 38

two parts of bony pelvis

Answer 38

``` False pelvis (upper portion-wider) True pelvis (lower ```

Question 39

Aid in keeping cervix closed during pregnancy

Answer 39

circular fibers of the uterine muscle