Concepts in Biology

Question 1

what do all cells contain

Answer 1

DNA (made up of genes and directs the cell’s activities)

Question 2

what does DNA stand for

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

what are the four nucleotides that consist dna

Answer 3

adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C)

Question 4

what are genes

Answer 4

the units of inheritance that trasmit information from parents to offspring

Question 5

what is the hierarchy of biological organization (11)

Answer 5

1. molecules (small)
2. organelles
3. cells
4. tissues
5. organs
6. organ systems
7. organisms
8. populations
9. communitites
10. ecosystems
11. biosphere (big)

Question 6

what are molecules

Answer 6

chemical structure made up of 2 or more atoms, molecules &. chemicals are building blocks of organelles

Question 7

what are organelles

Answer 7

different structures within cells with specialized functions (nucleus, golgi, mitochondrion)

Question 8

what are cells

Answer 8

smallest unit of life, made up of different molecules and organelles

Question 9

what’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

prokaryotic cells have a free floating dna while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which contains the dna (membrane bound)

Question 10

how do the sizes of viruses, bacterias and eukaryotic cells compare

Answer 10

eukaryotic > bacteria > virus

Question 11

what is an organ

Answer 11

group of tissue performing a specific function

Question 12

what is a community

Answer 12

groups of different organisms living together and interacting

Question 13

what is an ecosystem

Answer 13

community of organisms in a particular area and their interactions with their physical surroundings

Question 14

what is a population

Answer 14

group of same kind of organism living in one place

Question 15

darwin

Answer 15

the environment selects the best adapted organisms for survival

Question 16

what is evolution

Answer 16

the change of genetic makeup over time (adaptive traits)

Question 17

what did darwin show

Answer 17

species demonstrate descent with modification from common acenstors, natural selection is the mechanism

Question 18

what is natural selection

Answer 18

1. organisms in a population have varying traits
2. organisms who have the traits that allow them to survive in the environment will reproduce
3. the adaptive genes are passed on

Question 19

what is the form and function adaptation

Answer 19

an evolution that changes the shape of a body part to better fit the function of the part (aerodynamic wings)

Question 20

how do you name a species

Answer 20

genus (cap) + species (low)

Question 21

what are the three domains

Answer 21

eukarya, bacteria, archae

Question 22

what kingdoms are associated with eukarya

Answer 22

protista
plantae
fungi
animalia

Question 23

what are the kingdoms associated with bacteria and archae

Answer 23

bacteria: eubacteria
archae: archaebacteria

Question 24

what does dumb kings play chess on fine grain sand stand for

Answer 24

taxonomic classification:
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 25

what is constantly recycled in an ecosystem

Answer 25

nutrients (they pass through biotic and abiotic forms), carbon water nitrogen

Question 26

what process does energy go through

Answer 26

it enters as light, flows through the living organisms and is lost as heat

Question 27

what is a producer

Answer 27

photosynthetic organism convert light energy into chemical energy autotrophs (self feeding) plants, algae

Question 28

what is a consumer

Answer 28

feed on producers and other consumers can’t produce energy heterotrophs (obtain energy from others) animals (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)

Question 29

what is a decomposer

Answer 29

break down dead organic matter recycle nutrients heterotrophs (feed on dead stuff) bacteria, fungi

Question 30

which two organisms are necessary for the environment

Answer 30

producers and decomposers not consumers