Conditions Flashcards
Premature medical complications - meconium aspiration syndrome
Due to bowel movement in utero
Near term or term infant inhales substance and can develop resp. distress
20% will have developmental delays and some up until 3 yrs
Premature medical complications - Respiratory distress syndrome or hyaline membrane disease
Resp distress due to atelectasis caused by insufficient surfactant in premature lungs
May lead to acute resp failure and death
Premature medical complications - Bronchopulmonary dysplagia
Chronic lung disease as a result of damage to lungs from mechanical vent, oxygen admin, or RDS
Predisposes child to frequent resp infections and develop delays
Premature medical complications - Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
necrosis of white matter adjacent to ventricle of brain due to systemic hypotension or ischemia
may result in CP
Premature medical complications - Periventricular-Intraventricular hemorrhage
bleeding into immature vascular matrix
Grades 2-4 can lead to CP
Premature medical complications - Retinopahty of prematurity (ROP)
due to combination of low birth weight and high oxygen levels
Premature medical complications - necrotizing enterocolitis
ischemia results in inflammatory, infected bowel
Premature medical complications - patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
ductus arteriosus should close soon after birth
CP
group of disorders that are prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal in origin
CP - non progressive encephalopathy
major causes includee hemorrhage below lining of ventricles, hypoxic encephalopathy, malformations and trauma of CNS
Classifications for CP
By area of body showing impairment
Type of movement disorder
Gross motor classification system (GMFM)
Classifications for CP - area of body
one limb - monoplegia
two - di
upper and lower of one side of body - hemi
all four limbs - quad
Classifications for CP - movement disorder
Spastic Athetosis Ataxia Dystonia Hypotonia Mixed
Classifications for CP - GMFM
1 - walk w/o restriction 2 - walk w/o ad 3 - walk w/ ad 4 - self mobility with limitations 5 - self mobility with severe limitations
Myelodysplasia/Spina bifida
neural tibe defect resulting in vertebral and/or spinal cord malformation
elevated serum or amniotic alpha fetoprotein, amniotic acetylcholinesterase in prenatal period used for diagnosis
Spina bifida occulta
no spinal cord involvements - may be indicated by a tuft hair, dimple, or sinus
Spina bifida cystica
visible or open lesion
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele
Spina bifida cystica - meningocele
cyst includes CSF
cord is intact
SB cystica - myelomeningocele
cyst includes CSF and herniated cord tissue
SB can develop Arnold Chiari II malformation
cbm and brainstem are pushed through foramen magnum
Brachial plexus injury
traction or compression to unilateral brachial plexus during birth process or due to cervical rib abnormality
Erbs palsy
Involves C5/C6, upper arm paralysis
may invovle rhomboids, lev scap, SA, deltoid, supra and infraspinatus, biceps, brachioradialis, brachialis, supinator, long exten of wrist, fingers, and thumb
Klumpkes paralysis
invovles C8-T1, lower arm paralysis, intrinsic hand muscles, flexors and ext of wrist and fingers
Down syndrome
trisomy 21
chromosomal abnormality caused by breakage and translocation of a piece of chromosome onto normal chromosome
